{"id":759,"date":"2019-03-26T14:00:20","date_gmt":"2019-03-26T11:00:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/metallsmaster.ru\/?p=759"},"modified":"2020-11-02T10:08:17","modified_gmt":"2020-11-02T07:08:17","slug":"osmij","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/metallsmaster.pro\/de\/osmij\/","title":{"rendered":"Osmium"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>\u00a0\u00a0 Osmium - <\/strong>ein \u00dcbergangsmetall aus der Platingruppe der Metalle, das im Periodensystem der chemischen Elemente durch das Symbol gekennzeichnet ist <strong>Os, <\/strong>Es ist ein chemisches Element mit der Ordnungszahl 76. Neben Iridium hat es die h\u00f6chste Dichte aller elementaren Substanzen. Es hat eine silberwei\u00dfe Farbe mit bl\u00e4ulichem Schimmer. Es wurde erst 1803 von einem englischen Chemiker in einem Niederschlag von in K\u00f6nigswasser gel\u00f6stem Platin entdeckt. <strong>Osmium <\/strong>Es wird durch Isolierung von Platinmetallen aus angereicherten Rohstoffen gewonnen. Zu diesem Zweck wird dieses Konzentrat in Luft bei einer Temperatur von 800-900 kalziniert<sup>0 <\/sup>MIT.<\/p>\n<h2>Osmiummetall<\/h2>\n\n\t<!--<div class='top-banner-pages'>\t\n\n\t<\/div>--->\n\t\n<p>In der Erdkruste <strong>Osmium <\/strong>Kommt als feste L\u00f6sung mit Iridium vor, die 10\u201350 % Osmium enth\u00e4lt. Osmium kommt in polymetallischen Erzen vor, die Platin und Palladium enthalten, sowie in Platinmineralien und Abfallprodukten aus der Verarbeitung goldhaltiger Erze. Erstere bilden dichte, wei\u00dfe, hellgraue, pl\u00e4ttchenf\u00f6rmige Kristalle mit einer H\u00e4rte von 6,7 auf der Mohs-Skala. Dieses Mineral hat einen hohen Osmiumgehalt von 21 bis 49,3%. Das Mineral besteht aus grauen Kristallen mit hexagonaler Struktur, einer H\u00e4rte von 6 auf der Mohs-Skala und einer Dichte von 17.800\u201322.500 kg\/m3.<sup>3<\/sup>Meistens ist Iridium, das Osmium enth\u00e4lt, Teil von gediegenem Platin, manchmal kommen diese Mineralien jedoch auch unabh\u00e4ngig voneinander vor.<\/p>\n<h3>Eigenschaften von Osmium<\/h3>\n<p><strong>\u00a0 \n<!---<div class='top-banner-pages'>\n\n<\/div>-->\n\n\t<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Eigenschaften von Osmium <\/strong>haben ziemlich hohe Festigkeit und H\u00e4rte Eigenschaften des Metalls. Seine Dichte betr\u00e4gt 22,587 g\/cm<sup>3<\/sup>, Schmelzpunkt 3033<sup>0<\/sup>C und Siedepunkt 5012<sup>0<\/sup>C. Osmium ist ein hartes, aber spr\u00f6des Metall mit einem sehr hohen spezifischen Gewicht. Physikalische und mechanische <strong>Eigenschaften von Osmium <\/strong>Aufgrund seiner schwierigen Verarbeitung gilt es als die dichteste aller einfachen Substanzen, sogar dichter als Iridium. Seine hohe Dichte ist auf die Kompression der Lanthanoide und ein hexagonales, dicht gepacktes Kristallgitter zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren. Chemisch reagiert Osmium in Pulverform beim Erhitzen mit Sauerstoff, Schwefeldampf, Selen, Halogenen und anderen Elementen. Kompaktes Osmium reagiert nicht mit S\u00e4uren oder Laugen. Osmium reagiert langsam mit Salpeters\u00e4ure und K\u00f6nigswasser.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Eigenschaften von Osmium, <\/strong>wie H\u00e4rte und hohe Feuerfestigkeit erm\u00f6glichen:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Verwenden Sie es als Beschichtung in Reibungseinheiten, um Verschlei\u00dffestigkeit zu gew\u00e4hrleisten.<\/li>\n<li>Osmium dient als sehr guter Katalysator f\u00fcr die Ammoniaksynthese sowie die Hydrierung organischer Verbindungen;<\/li>\n<li>Die Legierung wird zur Herstellung des Gl\u00fchfadens in einer Lampe verwendet.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Eigenschaften von Osmium <\/strong>Sie werden in der Elektronik, im Flugzeugbau, in der Raketentechnik und in der Milit\u00e4rindustrie eingesetzt, unter anderem bei der Herstellung von zielsuchenden Raketen. Osmium-Platin-Legierungen werden h\u00e4ufig in chirurgischen Implantaten und Herzschrittmachern verwendet.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0\u00a0 Osmium <\/strong>Der Wert des Goldes ist sehr hoch, da die Jahresproduktion nur wenige Kilogramm betr\u00e4gt, etwa 600. Allerdings sind die Kosten sehr hoch: Ein Gramm kostet zwischen 1.500 und 40.000 Dollar. <strong>Preis <\/strong>Der Wert des Isotops \u201eOsmium-187\u201c betr\u00e4gt 200.000 Dollar pro Gramm. Wie Sie sehen, ist Osmium ein Edelmetall, obwohl es nicht f\u00fcr Schmuck verwendet wird. Dieses Metall verdient wirklich Aufmerksamkeit.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-760 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/metallsmaster.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/\u041e\u0441\u043c\u0438\u0439-\u0441\u0445\u0435\u043c\u0430.jpg\" alt=\"Osmium-Diagramm\" width=\"300\" height=\"168\" srcset=\"https:\/\/metallsmaster.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/\u041e\u0441\u043c\u0438\u0439-\u0441\u0445\u0435\u043c\u0430.jpg 300w, https:\/\/metallsmaster.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/\u041e\u0441\u043c\u0438\u0439-\u0441\u0445\u0435\u043c\u0430-254x142.jpg 254w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00a0\u00a0 Osmium ist ein \u00dcbergangsmetall, das zur Platingruppe der Metalle im Periodensystem der chemischen Elemente geh\u00f6rt.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":761,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-759","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blagorodnye-metally"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.1.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041f\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u043c\u0438\u044f - \u0440\u0435\u0434\u0447\u0430\u0439\u0448\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043b\u0430 \u0438 \u0433\u0434\u0435 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u044e\u0442.\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Dimon@1873\"\/>\n\t<link rel=\"canonical\" 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