{"id":60,"date":"2017-12-26T08:30:33","date_gmt":"2017-12-26T05:30:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/metallsmaster.ru\/?p=60"},"modified":"2020-11-02T12:12:50","modified_gmt":"2020-11-02T09:12:50","slug":"chugun","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/metallsmaster.pro\/en\/cast-iron-3\/","title":{"rendered":"Cast iron: cast iron properties, marking and designation"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Cast iron<\/strong> \u2013 These are iron-carbon alloys. The percentage of carbon (C) in such a material is at least 2%. The maximum percentage of carbon usually does not exceed 6.67%. In some cases, with an increase in the alloying impurity content, the percentage of carbon content shifts downward, in which case the material is designated as <strong>\u00a0cast iron<\/strong>, but with some modification. High-chromium, high-aluminum, and high-silicon alloys are prime examples.<\/p>\n<h2>Properties of cast iron<\/h2>\n<p>Main <strong>properties of cast iron<\/strong> \u2013 these are good casting qualities, brittleness (significantly higher than that of steels) and hardness. <strong>Properties of cast iron<\/strong> may vary depending on its components. Cast iron contains the following elements:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Si \u2013 silicon, in the composition of less than 4.3%, is the second most important element after carbon, gives the material softness and improves its fluidity, thereby increasing casting properties;<\/li>\n<li>Mn - manganese, in the composition of alloys no more than 2%, helps to increase the strength of the metal;<\/li>\n<li>S \u2013 sulfur, content less than 0.7%, causes \u201cred brittleness\u201d, worsens the fluidity of the alloy and its casting characteristics;<\/li>\n<li>P \u2013 phosphorus, content less than 1.2%, causes \u201ccold brittleness\u201d, which manifests itself in the form of cracks when cooling castings, the component worsens the mechanical properties of the alloy;<\/li>\n<li>C \u2013 carbon, the main component of cast iron, which gives it its basic qualities; depending on the content, type and form of this component, cast iron is divided into grades.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\n\t<!--<div class='top-banner-pages'>\t\n\n\t<\/div>--->\n\t<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Cast iron\u00a0<\/strong>has a number of the following mechanical properties, listed in the table. Other parameters\u2014melting point, density, relative elongation, viscosity, and hardness\u2014vary significantly for each individual alloy grade.<\/p>\n<h3>Cast iron grades<\/h3>\n<p>There are some different types, which in turn have separately developed <strong>grades of cast iron<\/strong>, which are given in the table.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/metallsmaster.pro\/en\/cast-iron-2\/\">Foundry iron<\/a>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>L1, L2, L3, L4, L5,<\/li>\n<li>L6, LR1, LR2, LR3, LR4,<\/li>\n<li>LR5, LR6, LR7.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/metallsmaster.pro\/en\/cast-iron\/\">Pig iron<\/a>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>P1, P2, PVC1, PVC2, PVC3,<\/li>\n<li>PL1, PL2, PF1, PF2, PF3.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Grey cast iron:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>SCh10, SCh15, SCh20, SCh25, SCh30,<\/li>\n<li>SCH35.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/metallsmaster.pro\/en\/forging-cast-iron\/\">Malleable cast iron<\/a>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>KCh30-6, KCh33-8, KCh35-10, KCh37-12, KCh45-7,<\/li>\n<li>KCh50-5, KCh55-4, KCh60-3, KCh65-3, KCh70-2, KCh80-1.5.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/metallsmaster.pro\/en\/low-alloy-cast-iron\/\">Low-alloy cast iron<\/a>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>CHN2X, CHN3KHMDSH, CHNMSH, CHNKHMD, CHNKHMDSH,<\/li>\n<li>ChNHT, ChS5, ChS5Sh, ChH1, ChH2,<\/li>\n<li>\u0427\u04253, \u0427\u04253\u0422, \u0427\u042e\u0425\u0428.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/metallsmaster.pro\/en\/high-alloy-cast-iron\/\">High-alloy cast iron<\/a>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>ChG6S3Sh, ChG7X4, ChG8D3, ChN11G7Sh, ChN15D3Sh,<\/li>\n<li>ChN15D7, ChN19H3Sh, ChN20D2Sh, ChN4H2, ChS13,<\/li>\n<li>ChS15, ChS15M4, ChS17, ChS17M3, ChH16,<\/li>\n<li>ChH16M2, ChH22, ChH22S, ChH28, ChH28D2,<\/li>\n<li>ChH28P, ChH32, ChH9N5, ChYu22Sh, ChYu30,<\/li>\n<li>\u0427\u042e6\u04215, \u0427\u042e7\u04252.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/metallsmaster.pro\/en\/antifriction-cast-iron\/\">Antifriction cast iron<\/a>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>AChV-1, AChV-2, AChK-1, AChK-2, AChS-1,<\/li>\n<li>ASF-2, ASF-3, ASF-4, ASF-5, ASF-6.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>High nickel cast iron:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>L-Ni35, L-NiCr20-2, L-NiCr20-3, L-NiCr30-3, L-NiCuCr15-6-2,<\/li>\n<li>L-NiCuCr15-6-3, L-NiMn13-7, L-NiSiCr20-5-3, L-NiSiCr30-5-5, S-Ni22,<\/li>\n<li>S-Ni35, S-NiCr20-2, S-NiCr20-3, S-NiCr30-1, S-NiCr30-3,<\/li>\n<li>S-NiCr35-3, S-NiMn13-7, S-NiMn23-4, S-NiSiCr20-5-2, S-NiSiCr30-5-5.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/metallsmaster.pro\/en\/nodular-cast-iron\/\">Nodular cast iron<\/a>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>HF100, HF35, HF40, HF45, HF50,<\/li>\n<li>HF60, HF70, HF80.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Cast iron with <a href=\"https:\/\/metallsmaster.pro\/en\/vermicular-graphite-cast-iron\/\">vermicular graphite<\/a> for castings:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>ChVG30, ChVG35, ChVG40, ChVG45.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>Designation of cast iron grade<\/h4>\n<p><strong>Designation of cast iron grade <\/strong>There are a number of established GOST designation rules. These include a letter designation indicating the primary nature or purpose of the metal: KCh \u2013 malleable, VCh \u2013 high-strength, SCh \u2013 gray, P \u2013 pig iron, L \u2013 foundry. The following basic cast iron designations are also accepted:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>PL1, PL2 \u2013 conversion for castings;<\/li>\n<li>P1, P2 \u2013 conversion;<\/li>\n<li>PVK1, PVK2, PVK3 \u2013 high-quality conversion;<\/li>\n<li>PF1, PF2, PF3 \u2013 phosphorus steel;<\/li>\n<li>\u0421\u0427 \u2013 with lamellar graphite (it is important to know that the digital designation following the letters indicates the value of the tensile strength, measured in kgf\/mm);<\/li>\n<li>\u0410\u0427 \u2013 antifriction;<\/li>\n<li>AChS \u2013 antifriction gray cast iron;<\/li>\n<li>ACHV \u2013 high-strength antifriction;<\/li>\n<li>HF \u2013 with spheroidal graphite (digital designation after the letter designation indicates tensile strength);<\/li>\n<li>Ch \u2013 alloyed cast iron, distinguished by special properties.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-53 size-full aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/metallsmaster.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/chugun.webp\" alt=\"cast iron\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https:\/\/metallsmaster.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/chugun.webp 800w, https:\/\/metallsmaster.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/chugun-300x200.webp 300w, https:\/\/metallsmaster.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/chugun-768x512.webp 768w, https:\/\/metallsmaster.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/chugun-254x169.webp 254w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Cast iron is an iron-carbon alloy. The percentage of carbon (C) in this material is at least\u2026<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":53,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-60","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-metalls"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.1.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0427\u0443\u0433\u0443\u043d, \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432 \u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432 \u043c\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438, \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e \u0413\u041e\u0421\u0422\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" 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