{"id":102,"date":"2017-12-28T15:27:16","date_gmt":"2017-12-28T12:27:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/metallsmaster.ru\/?p=102"},"modified":"2021-08-21T12:40:58","modified_gmt":"2021-08-21T09:40:58","slug":"alyuminij-i-splavy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/metallsmaster.pro\/es\/alyuminij-y-splavy\/","title":{"rendered":"Aluminio y aleaciones"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Aluminio <\/strong>Se utiliza para fabricar diversas piezas y aleaciones a base de \u00e9l. Durante el estudio y la aplicaci\u00f3n de este metal, se desarroll\u00f3 una tecnolog\u00eda para su procesamiento. La aleaci\u00f3n se utiliza para impartir las propiedades requeridas al material. Este proceso implica el estado fundido, <strong>aluminio <\/strong>mezclado con fundidos de elementos adicionales.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Citylom ofrece los mejores precios para el reciclaje de lat\u00f3n en Mosc\u00fa y la regi\u00f3n de Mosc\u00fa:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/citylom.ru\/priem-alyuminiya\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-saferedirecturl=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/citylom.ru\/priem-alyuminiya&amp;source=gmail&amp;ust=1629624898245000&amp;usg=AFQjCNEGddns1_KUA5mnf5y_ICXvVs3ULg\">https:\/\/citylom.ru\/priem-<wbr \/>aluminio<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Este proceso mejora la calidad de los productos metal\u00fargicos. Dependiendo de las proporciones elegidas y los elementos complementarios, las propiedades qu\u00edmicas, mec\u00e1nicas y f\u00edsicas del metal cambian. Hoy en d\u00eda, el metal puro... <strong>aluminio<\/strong> Pr\u00e1cticamente no se utiliza en la industria debido a su baja resistencia. Sin embargo, las aleaciones se han generalizado, y sus proporciones y tecnolog\u00edas de procesamiento se mejoran constantemente. <strong>Soldadura de aluminio<\/strong> Se realiza mediante una m\u00e1quina de arco puntual o de arg\u00f3n; tambi\u00e9n se utiliza soldadura por arco el\u00e9ctrico.<\/p>\n<h2>\n\t<!--<div class='top-banner-pages'>\t\n\n\t<\/div>--->\n\t<\/h2>\n<h2>Propiedades b\u00e1sicas del aluminio<\/h2>\n<p>Los principales factores que determinan la amplia gama de uso de cualquier material son sus propiedades e indicadores de rendimiento. <strong>Aleaciones a base de aluminio<\/strong> se utilizan en casi todas las \u00e1reas de actividad. La sencilla raz\u00f3n de tal prevalencia es <strong>Propiedades b\u00e1sicas del aluminio<\/strong>, que se enumeran.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>densidad - 2,7 g\/cm\u00b3<\/li>\n<li>El punto de fusi\u00f3n del aluminio t\u00e9cnico es de 658 \u00b0C;<\/li>\n<li>El punto de fusi\u00f3n del aluminio puro es de 660 \u00b0C;<\/li>\n<li>calor espec\u00edfico de fusi\u00f3n\u2014 390 kJ\/kg;<\/li>\n<li>punto de ebullici\u00f3n - 2500 \u00b0C;<\/li>\n<li>calor espec\u00edfico de evaporaci\u00f3n\u2014 10,53 MJ\/kg;<\/li>\n<li>capacidad calor\u00edfica espec\u00edfica\u2014 880 J\/kg\u00b7K;<\/li>\n<li>La resistencia a la tracci\u00f3n del aluminio fundido es de 10-12 kg\/mm\u00b2, la resistencia a la tracci\u00f3n del aluminio deformado es de 18-25 kg\/mm\u00b2, la resistencia a la tracci\u00f3n de las aleaciones es de 38-42 kg\/mm\u00b2;<\/li>\n<li>Dureza Brinell: 24...32 kgf\/mm\u00b2;<\/li>\n<li>plasticidad de grado t\u00e9cnico - 35 %;<\/li>\n<li>plasticidad de puro - 50 %;<\/li>\n<li>M\u00f3dulo de Young\u201470 GPa;<\/li>\n<li>El aluminio tiene una alta conductividad el\u00e9ctrica (37 10<sup>6<\/sup>\u00a0Cm\/m) y conductividad t\u00e9rmica (203,5 W\/(m K)), 65 % de la conductividad el\u00e9ctrica del cobre, tiene alta reflectividad de la luz;<\/li>\n<li>Paramagn\u00e9tico d\u00e9bil;<\/li>\n<li>Coeficiente t\u00e9rmico de expansi\u00f3n lineal 24,58\u00b710<sup>-6<\/sup>A<sup>-1<\/sup>\u00a0(20\u2026200 \u00b0C);<\/li>\n<li>Resistencia espec\u00edfica 0,0262..0,0295 Ohm mm\u00b2\/m;<\/li>\n<li>Coeficiente de temperatura de la resistencia el\u00e9ctrica 4,3 x 10<sup>-3<\/sup>K<sup>-1<\/sup>El aluminio se vuelve superconductor a 1,2 Kelvin.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Una propiedad importante que distingue <strong>aleaciones a base de aluminio<\/strong> Alta ductilidad. Se puede laminar f\u00e1cilmente en l\u00e1minas, lo cual es especialmente importante para su uso en electr\u00f3nica e ingenier\u00eda el\u00e9ctrica. El material se procesa f\u00e1cilmente con bajas fuerzas mec\u00e1nicas. Su bajo punto de fusi\u00f3n permite la refundici\u00f3n y fabricaci\u00f3n de piezas de aleaci\u00f3n de aluminio con un consumo m\u00ednimo de energ\u00eda, lo que reduce los costos de producci\u00f3n y el coste del producto.<\/p>\n<h3>\n<!---<div class='top-banner-pages'>\n\n<\/div>-->\n\n\t<\/h3>\n<h3>Grados de aluminio seg\u00fan GOST<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Aluminio<\/strong> y sus aleaciones, al igual que otros metales, se etiquetan seg\u00fan est\u00e1ndares establecidos. Por lo tanto, existen <strong>grados de aluminio seg\u00fan GOST, <\/strong>que se dan en las listas.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Aleaciones de aluminio forjado:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Endurecimiento por tratamiento t\u00e9rmico:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Duralumin <\/strong>D1, D16, D20*, aleaciones de aluminio-cobre-manganeso [Al-Cu-Mg];<\/li>\n<li>Aleaci\u00f3n avial (AV);<\/li>\n<li>Aleaci\u00f3n de alta resistencia (B95);<\/li>\n<li>Aleaciones para forja y estampaci\u00f3n (AK6, AK8, AK4-1 [resistentes al calor]).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>No endurecible por tratamiento t\u00e9rmico:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Aleaciones de aluminio y manganeso (AMts);<\/li>\n<li>Aleaciones de aluminio con magnesio (AMg2, AMg3, AMg5, AMg6).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Aleaciones de aluminio para fundici\u00f3n de piezas moldeadas:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Aleaciones de aluminio y silicio (<strong>siluminio \/<\/strong>) Al-Si (AL2, AL4, AL9) - alta densidad de piezas fundidas, f\u00e1cil de cortar, caracterizado por un alto rendimiento lineal;<\/li>\n<li>Aleaciones de aluminio y cobre Al-Cu (AL7, AL19) - altas propiedades mec\u00e1nicas despu\u00e9s del tratamiento t\u00e9rmico, f\u00e1cil de mecanizar;<\/li>\n<li>Aleaciones de aluminio y magnesio Al-Mg (AL8, AL27): mayor resistencia a la corrosi\u00f3n, propiedades mec\u00e1nicas mejoradas, f\u00e1cil de mecanizar;<\/li>\n<li>Aleaciones de aluminio resistentes al calor (AL1, AL21, AL33): f\u00e1ciles de cortar, mayor resistencia al calor.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Clasificaci\u00f3n en funci\u00f3n de la facilidad de procesamiento mec\u00e1nico <\/strong>(Blanda y d\u00factil, dif\u00edcil de mecanizar):<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Recocido - D16, AB;<\/li>\n<li>No endurecido por tratamiento t\u00e9rmico - AMts, AMg2, AMg3, AMg5, AMg6.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Aleaciones de aluminio relativamente fuertes y duras que son bastante f\u00e1ciles de mecanizar:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Endurecido y envejecido artificialmente: D16T, D16N, AVT;<\/li>\n<li>Forja: AK6, AK8, AK4-1;<\/li>\n<li>Fundici\u00f3n: AL2, AL4, AL9, AL8, AL27, AL1, AL21, AL33.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-103 size-full aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/metallsmaster.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/alluminii_3.webp\" alt=\"Aluminio\" width=\"275\" height=\"275\" srcset=\"https:\/\/metallsmaster.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/alluminii_3.webp 275w, https:\/\/metallsmaster.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/alluminii_3-150x150.webp 150w, https:\/\/metallsmaster.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/alluminii_3-190x190.webp 190w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 275px) 100vw, 275px\" \/><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>El aluminio se utiliza para fabricar diversos componentes y aleaciones a base de \u00e9l. En el proceso de estudio\u2026<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":103,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-102","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cvetnye-metally"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.1.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0410\u043b\u044e\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0439, \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043b\u0430 \u0438 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0432, \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u043c\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" 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