{"id":197,"date":"2018-01-10T22:15:44","date_gmt":"2018-01-10T19:15:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/metallsmaster.ru\/?p=197"},"modified":"2020-11-02T11:54:38","modified_gmt":"2020-11-02T08:54:38","slug":"elektrodugovaya-svarka-metalla","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/metallsmaster.pro\/es\/soldadura-por-arco-electrico-de-metal\/","title":{"rendered":"Soldadura de metal por arco el\u00e9ctrico"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Soldadura de metal por arco el\u00e9ctrico <\/strong>La soldadura por arco es un m\u00e9todo de soldadura de metales que consiste en calentar y fundir el metal con un arco el\u00e9ctrico. Es uno de los m\u00e9todos de soldadura m\u00e1s comunes. Fue descubierto por el cient\u00edfico N.G. Slavyanov en 1888. Utilizaba un electrodo met\u00e1lico consumible. La soldadura se realizaba bajo una capa de fundente. <strong>Soldadura de metal por arco el\u00e9ctrico <\/strong>Se realiza mediante corriente continua. El terminal positivo se encuentra en la pieza a soldar y el negativo en el electrodo. La soldadura el\u00e9ctrica puede realizarse con un electrodo consumible o no consumible. Este m\u00e9todo de soldadura se utiliza ampliamente en trabajos de reparaci\u00f3n, instalaci\u00f3n, ingenier\u00eda mec\u00e1nica, construcci\u00f3n y otros campos.<\/p>\n<h2>Soldadura por arco el\u00e9ctrico con electrodo consumible<\/h2>\n<p><strong>\n\t<!--<div class='top-banner-pages'>\t\n\n\t<\/div>--->\n\t<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Soldadura por arco el\u00e9ctrico con electrodo consumible <\/strong>El proceso implica la fusi\u00f3n de la superficie met\u00e1lica y el electrodo. El electrodo sirve como material para producir la soldadura. Para evitar la oxidaci\u00f3n de la soldadura, se utilizan gases como helio, arg\u00f3n, di\u00f3xido de carbono y sus mezclas. Durante la soldadura, estos gases se suministran desde el cabezal de soldadura. Los elementos f\u00e1cilmente ionizables del electrodo, como el sodio, el potasio y el calcio, contribuyen a la estabilidad del arco el\u00e9ctrico. La ventaja de la soldadura con corriente continua (CC) es que la soldadura es m\u00e1s limpia, ya que se minimiza la cantidad de salpicaduras producidas durante la fusi\u00f3n del electrodo. <strong>Soldadura por arco el\u00e9ctrico de metal con electrodo consumible<\/strong> incluye:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Preparaci\u00f3n de la superficie met\u00e1lica para soldar. Limpieza de suciedad y manchas de aceite.<\/li>\n<li>Para formar un arco de soldadura, se suministra corriente el\u00e9ctrica al electrodo y a la pieza de trabajo;<\/li>\n<li>Se forma un arco. Alcanza los 7000 <sup>0<\/sup>C y comienza a fundirse el metal;<\/li>\n<li>Se forma un ba\u00f1o de soldadura a partir del electrodo fundido y la superficie met\u00e1lica. La escoria asciende a la superficie y forma una pel\u00edcula protectora. La soldadura se solidifica, formando una uni\u00f3n soldada.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<!---<div class='top-banner-pages'>\n\n<\/div>-->\n\n\t\n<p>Al soldar con un electrodo consumible en un gas de protecci\u00f3n, el alambre de soldadura tiene una composici\u00f3n qu\u00edmica similar a la del metal que se suelda. Se utilizan gases inertes como el helio, el arg\u00f3n y sus mezclas para soldar metales no ferrosos y sus aleaciones.<\/p>\n<p>Los par\u00e1metros de la corriente afectan la profundidad de penetraci\u00f3n. Aumentar la corriente penetra m\u00e1s profundamente en el metal, mientras que disminuirla produce el efecto contrario. La magnitud de la corriente no afecta el ancho de la soldadura, pero s\u00ed el tipo de corriente. La soldadura es m\u00e1s estrecha al usar corriente continua.<\/p>\n<p>El arco de soldadura tambi\u00e9n afecta la calidad de la soldadura. Cuanto m\u00e1s peque\u00f1o sea el arco, m\u00e1s limpia ser\u00e1 la soldadura. El metal se funde suavemente y la cantidad de gotas de metal se reduce significativamente. Esto permite una penetraci\u00f3n m\u00e1s profunda. <strong>Soldadura por arco el\u00e9ctrico de metal con electrodo consumible <\/strong>tiene sus ventajas:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>la capacidad de soldar en cualquier lugar y en cualquier posici\u00f3n;<\/li>\n<li>Puedes soldar una amplia variedad de tipos de acero;<\/li>\n<li>La soldadura es bastante sencilla y f\u00e1cil de transportar.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Desventajas de este m\u00e9todo de soldadura:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>nocividad de los gases durante el trabajo;<\/li>\n<li>baja eficiencia y, en comparaci\u00f3n con otros tipos de soldadura, baja productividad;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>La calidad de la soldadura depende de la cualificaci\u00f3n del soldador.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-198 size-full aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/metallsmaster.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/technologiya_svarki_111.webp\" alt=\"Soldadura por arco el\u00e9ctrico de metal con electrodo consumible\" width=\"522\" height=\"298\" srcset=\"https:\/\/metallsmaster.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/technologiya_svarki_111.webp 522w, https:\/\/metallsmaster.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/technologiya_svarki_111-300x171.webp 300w, https:\/\/metallsmaster.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/technologiya_svarki_111-254x145.webp 254w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 522px) 100vw, 522px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-199 size-full aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/metallsmaster.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/maxresdefault-2.webp\" alt=\"Soldadura de metal por arco el\u00e9ctrico\" width=\"1280\" height=\"720\" srcset=\"https:\/\/metallsmaster.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/maxresdefault-2.webp 1280w, https:\/\/metallsmaster.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/maxresdefault-2-300x169.webp 300w, https:\/\/metallsmaster.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/maxresdefault-2-768x432.webp 768w, https:\/\/metallsmaster.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/maxresdefault-2-1024x576.webp 1024w, https:\/\/metallsmaster.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/maxresdefault-2-254x143.webp 254w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" \/><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>La soldadura por arco es un m\u00e9todo de soldadura de metales, cuya esencia es\u2026<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":199,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-197","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-svarka-metallov"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.1.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u042d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0443\u0433\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0432\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0430 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