{"id":60,"date":"2017-12-26T08:30:33","date_gmt":"2017-12-26T05:30:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/metallsmaster.ru\/?p=60"},"modified":"2020-11-02T12:12:50","modified_gmt":"2020-11-02T09:12:50","slug":"chugun","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/metallsmaster.pro\/es\/hierro-fundido-3\/","title":{"rendered":"Hierro fundido: propiedades del hierro fundido, marcado y designaci\u00f3n"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Hierro fundido<\/strong> Se trata de aleaciones de hierro y carbono. El porcentaje de carbono (C) en este tipo de material es de al menos 2%. El porcentaje m\u00e1ximo de carbono no suele superar los 6,67%. En algunos casos, al aumentar el contenido de impurezas de la aleaci\u00f3n, el porcentaje de carbono disminuye, en cuyo caso el material se denomina <strong>\u00a0hierro fundido<\/strong>, pero con algunas modificaciones. Las aleaciones con alto contenido de cromo, aluminio y silicio son ejemplos destacados.<\/p>\n<h2>Propiedades del hierro fundido<\/h2>\n<p>Principal <strong>propiedades del hierro fundido<\/strong> \u2013 se trata de buenas cualidades de fundici\u00f3n, fragilidad (significativamente superior a la de los aceros) y dureza. <strong>Propiedades del hierro fundido<\/strong> Puede variar seg\u00fan sus componentes. El hierro fundido contiene los siguientes elementos:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Si \u2013 silicio, en una composici\u00f3n inferior a 4,3%, es el segundo elemento m\u00e1s importante despu\u00e9s del carbono, confiere suavidad al material y mejora su fluidez, aumentando as\u00ed las propiedades de fundici\u00f3n;<\/li>\n<li>Mn - manganeso, en la composici\u00f3n de aleaciones no m\u00e1s de 2%, ayuda a aumentar la resistencia del metal;<\/li>\n<li>S \u2013 azufre, contenido inferior a 0,7%, provoca \u201cfragilidad roja\u201d, empeora la fluidez de la aleaci\u00f3n y sus caracter\u00edsticas de fundici\u00f3n;<\/li>\n<li>P \u2013 f\u00f3sforo, contenido inferior a 1,2%, provoca \u201cfragilidad en fr\u00edo\u201d, que se manifiesta en forma de grietas al enfriarse las piezas fundidas, empeorando las propiedades mec\u00e1nicas de la aleaci\u00f3n;<\/li>\n<li>El carbono es el componente principal del hierro fundido, lo que le confiere sus cualidades b\u00e1sicas. Seg\u00fan el contenido, el tipo y la forma de este componente, el hierro fundido se divide en grados.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\n\t<!--<div class='top-banner-pages'>\t\n\n\t<\/div>--->\n\t<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Hierro fundido\u00a0<\/strong>Tiene varias de las siguientes propiedades mec\u00e1nicas, enumeradas en la tabla. Otros par\u00e1metros (punto de fusi\u00f3n, densidad, elongaci\u00f3n relativa, viscosidad y dureza) var\u00edan significativamente para cada grado de aleaci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n<h3>Grados de hierro fundido<\/h3>\n<p>Existen algunos tipos diferentes, que a su vez se han desarrollado por separado. <strong>grados de hierro fundido<\/strong>, que se dan en la tabla.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/metallsmaster.pro\/es\/hierro-fundido-2\/\">Hierro de fundici\u00f3n<\/a>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>L1, L2, L3, L4, L5,<\/li>\n<li>L6, LR1, LR2, LR3, LR4,<\/li>\n<li>LR5, LR6, LR7.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/metallsmaster.pro\/es\/hierro-fundido\/\">Hierro fundido<\/a>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>P1, P2, PVC1, PVC2, PVC3,<\/li>\n<li>PL1, PL2, PF1, PF2, PF3.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Hierro fundido gris:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>SCh10, SCh15, SCh20, SCh25, SCh30,<\/li>\n<li>SCH35.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/metallsmaster.pro\/es\/forja-de-hierro-fundido\/\">Hierro fundido maleable<\/a>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>KCh30-6, KCh33-8, KCh35-10, KCh37-12, KCh45-7,<\/li>\n<li>KCh50-5, KCh55-4, KCh60-3, KCh65-3, KCh70-2, KCh80-1,5.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/metallsmaster.pro\/es\/hierro-fundido-de-baja-aleacion\/\">Hierro fundido de baja aleaci\u00f3n<\/a>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>CHN2X, CHN3KHMDSH, CHNMSH, CHNKHMD, CHNKHMDSH,<\/li>\n<li>ChNHT, ChS5, ChS5Sh, ChH1, ChH2,<\/li>\n<li>ZH3, ZH3T, ZHZH.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/metallsmaster.pro\/es\/hierro-fundido-de-alta-aleacion\/\">Hierro fundido de alta aleaci\u00f3n<\/a>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>ChG6S3Sh, ChG7X4, ChG8D3, ChN11G7Sh, ChN15D3Sh,<\/li>\n<li>ChN15D7, ChN19H3Sh, ChN20D2Sh, ChN4H2, ChS13,<\/li>\n<li>ChS15, ChS15M4, ChS17, ChS17M3, ChH16,<\/li>\n<li>ChH16M2, ChH22, ChH22S, ChH28, ChH28D2,<\/li>\n<li>ChH28P, ChH32, ChH9N5, ChYu22Sh, ChYu30,<\/li>\n<li>ZH6S5, ZH7H2.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/metallsmaster.pro\/es\/hierro-fundido-antifriccion\/\">Hierro fundido antifricci\u00f3n<\/a>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>AChV-1, AChV-2, AChK-1, AChK-2, AChS-1,<\/li>\n<li>PPA-2, PPA-3, PPA-4, PPA-5, PPA-6.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Hierro fundido con alto contenido de n\u00edquel:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>L-Ni35, L-NiCr20-2, L-NiCr20-3, L-NiCr30-3, L-NiCuCr15-6-2,<\/li>\n<li>L-NiCuCr15-6-3, L-NiMn13-7, L-NiSiCr20-5-3, L-NiSiCr30-5-5, S-Ni22,<\/li>\n<li>S-Ni35, S-NiCr20-2, S-NiCr20-3, S-NiCr30-1, S-NiCr30-3,<\/li>\n<li>S-NiCr35-3, S-NiMn13-7, S-NiMn23-4, S-NiSiCr20-5-2, S-NiSiCr30-5-5.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/metallsmaster.pro\/es\/hierro-fundido-nodular\/\">Hierro fundido nodular<\/a>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>HF100, HF35, HF40, HF45, HF50,<\/li>\n<li>HF60, HF70, HF80.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Hierro fundido con <a href=\"https:\/\/metallsmaster.pro\/es\/fundicion-de-grafito-vermicular\/\">grafito vermicular<\/a> para piezas fundidas:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>ChVG30, ChVG35, ChVG40, ChVG45.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>Designaci\u00f3n del grado de hierro fundido<\/h4>\n<p><strong>Designaci\u00f3n del grado de hierro fundido <\/strong>Existen varias normas de designaci\u00f3n GOST establecidas. Estas incluyen una designaci\u00f3n con letras que indica la naturaleza o el prop\u00f3sito principal del metal: KCh: maleable, VCh: alta resistencia, SCh: gris, P: arrabio, L: fundici\u00f3n. Tambi\u00e9n se aceptan las siguientes designaciones b\u00e1sicas de fundici\u00f3n:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>PL1, PL2 \u2013 conversi\u00f3n para piezas fundidas;<\/li>\n<li>P1, P2 \u2013 conversi\u00f3n;<\/li>\n<li>PVK1, PVK2, PVK3 \u2013 conversi\u00f3n de alta calidad;<\/li>\n<li>PF1, PF2, PF3 \u2013 acero al f\u00f3sforo;<\/li>\n<li>\u0421\u0427 \u2013 con grafito laminar (es importante saber que la designaci\u00f3n digital que sigue a las letras indica el valor de la resistencia a la tracci\u00f3n, medida en kgf\/mm);<\/li>\n<li>\u0410\u0427 \u2013 antifricci\u00f3n;<\/li>\n<li>AChS \u2013 fundici\u00f3n gris antifricci\u00f3n;<\/li>\n<li>ACHV \u2013 antifricci\u00f3n de alta resistencia;<\/li>\n<li>HF \u2013 con grafito esferoidal (la designaci\u00f3n digital despu\u00e9s de la letra indica la resistencia a la tracci\u00f3n);<\/li>\n<li>Ch \u2013 hierro fundido aleado, que se distingue por sus propiedades especiales.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-53 size-full aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/metallsmaster.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/chugun.webp\" alt=\"hierro fundido\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https:\/\/metallsmaster.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/chugun.webp 800w, https:\/\/metallsmaster.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/chugun-300x200.webp 300w, https:\/\/metallsmaster.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/chugun-768x512.webp 768w, https:\/\/metallsmaster.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/chugun-254x169.webp 254w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>El hierro fundido es una aleaci\u00f3n de hierro y carbono. El porcentaje de carbono (C) en este material es al menos\u2026<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":53,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-60","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-metalls"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.1.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0427\u0443\u0433\u0443\u043d, \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432 \u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432 \u043c\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438, \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e \u0413\u041e\u0421\u0422\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" 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