{"id":620,"date":"2019-02-28T12:05:00","date_gmt":"2019-02-28T09:05:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/metallsmaster.ru\/?p=620"},"modified":"2020-11-02T11:36:12","modified_gmt":"2020-11-02T08:36:12","slug":"vakuumnaya-svarka","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/metallsmaster.pro\/es\/soldadura-al-vacio\/","title":{"rendered":"Soldadura al vac\u00edo"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>El proceso de soldadura produce uniones fuertes y permanentes formadas por los enlaces interat\u00f3micos de los metales que se sueldan. Se concede gran importancia a diversas t\u00e9cnicas avanzadas de soldadura. Un tipo de soldadura de este tipo es <strong>soldadura al vac\u00edo, <\/strong>Proporciona calor a la pieza. Esto permite su uso para unir componentes cr\u00edticos de dispositivos e instrumentos de medici\u00f3n.<\/p>\n<p>Existen dos tipos de soldadura: la soldadura por fusi\u00f3n y la soldadura a presi\u00f3n. Para ello, la c\u00e1mara de soldadura se ventila y se llena con el gas necesario para crear su propia atm\u00f3sfera. Se suele utilizar arg\u00f3n, pero tambi\u00e9n se emplean helio, nitr\u00f3geno y mezclas de ambos. El arg\u00f3n se bombea a alta presi\u00f3n, hasta 1 atm.<\/p>\n\n\t<!--<div class='top-banner-pages'>\t\n\n\t<\/div>--->\n\t\n<p>La soldadura se realiza en vac\u00edo a alta presi\u00f3n 10<sup>-3<\/sup>-10<sup>-4<\/sup>Sin embargo, no se utiliza nitr\u00f3geno para soldar acero, ya que los nitruros de hierro y cromo formados a altas temperaturas hacen que la soldadura sea porosa e irregular. Los electrodos especiales seleccionados deben garantizar la calidad de la soldadura: deben ser d\u00factiles, resistentes al agrietamiento, densos y con escoria que se pueda separar f\u00e1cilmente de la soldadura.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Soldadura al vac\u00edo <\/strong>La fusi\u00f3n se lleva a cabo mediante un m\u00e9todo de haz de electrones, con una c\u00e1mara de vac\u00edo especial, diversos dispositivos para la manipulaci\u00f3n de piezas, un sistema electro\u00f3ptico y un sistema de bombeo. Esta configuraci\u00f3n permite realizar soldaduras axiales circulares y lineales a una presi\u00f3n de 5 x 10<sup>-1<\/sup>-5*10<sup>-3<\/sup>Pensilvania. <strong>Soldadura al vac\u00edo <\/strong>Este m\u00e9todo se utiliza ampliamente en la producci\u00f3n de sistemas espaciales y de cohetes, sistemas de propulsi\u00f3n y microelectr\u00f3nica.<\/p>\n\n<!---<div class='top-banner-pages'>\n\n<\/div>-->\n\n\t\n<p>Tambi\u00e9n es muy eficaz para soldar aleaciones refractarias, metales qu\u00edmicamente activos y productos de acero. <strong>Soldadura al vac\u00edo <\/strong>La soldadura a presi\u00f3n es una soldadura por difusi\u00f3n t\u00e9rmica realizada bajo una presi\u00f3n de vac\u00edo de 10<sup>-3<\/sup>10<sup>-2<\/sup>Pensilvania. Al soldar metales diferentes, la temperatura de calentamiento la determina el metal o aleaci\u00f3n refractaria. Al unir materiales dif\u00edciles de soldar, se utiliza un espaciador intermedio. Esta configuraci\u00f3n consta de un sistema de vac\u00edo, un sistema que genera la presi\u00f3n necesaria para su funcionamiento, automatizaci\u00f3n y un accionamiento el\u00e9ctrico. Las ventajas de este tipo de soldadura son:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>no es necesario utilizar soldaduras, fundentes, electrodos ni entorno protector;<\/li>\n<li>la pieza no se deforma;<\/li>\n<li>en la zona de conexi\u00f3n las propiedades del metal no cambian;<\/li>\n<li>obtenci\u00f3n de estructuras de diversas formas;<\/li>\n<li>manteniendo la precisi\u00f3n de la forma del producto;<\/li>\n<li>una amplia gama de espesores de piezas a soldar.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>No hace mucho tiempo, la Escuela T\u00e9cnica Superior de Mosc\u00fa \u2013 Instituto de Ingenier\u00eda El\u00e9ctrica de Mosc\u00fa desarroll\u00f3 un m\u00e9todo <strong>soldadura al vac\u00edo <\/strong>Un electrodo consumible, lo cual es interesante porque el arco arde en vapor met\u00e1lico. Este m\u00e9todo es muy pr\u00e1ctico para unir aleaciones no ferrosas de paredes gruesas. Es un m\u00e9todo bastante productivo, y la calidad de dicha uni\u00f3n es muy alta, ya que el calentamiento es muy concentrado. Por lo tanto, gracias a la tecnolog\u00eda avanzada, <strong>soldadura al vac\u00edo <\/strong>Permite conseguir buenos resultados en una uni\u00f3n fuerte y fiable de materiales.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-621 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/metallsmaster.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/\u0412\u0430\u043a\u0443\u0443\u043c\u043d\u0430\u044f-\u0441\u0432\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0430-\u0441\u0445\u0435\u043c\u0430.webp\" alt=\"Diagrama de soldadura al vac\u00edo\" width=\"456\" height=\"325\" srcset=\"https:\/\/metallsmaster.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/\u0412\u0430\u043a\u0443\u0443\u043c\u043d\u0430\u044f-\u0441\u0432\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0430-\u0441\u0445\u0435\u043c\u0430.webp 456w, https:\/\/metallsmaster.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/\u0412\u0430\u043a\u0443\u0443\u043c\u043d\u0430\u044f-\u0441\u0432\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0430-\u0441\u0445\u0435\u043c\u0430-300x214.webp 300w, https:\/\/metallsmaster.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/\u0412\u0430\u043a\u0443\u0443\u043c\u043d\u0430\u044f-\u0441\u0432\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0430-\u0441\u0445\u0435\u043c\u0430-254x181.webp 254w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 456px) 100vw, 456px\" \/><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>El proceso de soldadura produce en \u00faltima instancia uniones fuertes y permanentes formadas por los enlaces interat\u00f3micos de los metales que se sueldan.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":621,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-620","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-svarka-metallov"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.1.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0412\u0430\u043a\u0443\u0443\u043c\u043d\u0430\u044f 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