{"id":65,"date":"2017-12-26T08:39:22","date_gmt":"2017-12-26T05:39:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/metallsmaster.ru\/?p=65"},"modified":"2020-11-02T12:11:45","modified_gmt":"2020-11-02T09:11:45","slug":"chugun-peredelnyj","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/metallsmaster.pro\/es\/hierro-fundido\/","title":{"rendered":"Hierro fundido"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>El hierro fundido, que se destina a un procesamiento posterior en acero o a una nueva fundici\u00f3n en forma de pieza fundida, se denomina <strong>arrabio. <\/strong>Esta aleaci\u00f3n se asemeja a un producto primario de la metalurgia ferrosa, producido mediante la fundici\u00f3n de mineral de hierro o chatarra en un alto horno o un horno el\u00e9ctrico. Este hierro se funde como arrabio sin ning\u00fan metal ferroso...<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>18 kilos;<\/li>\n<li>30 kilos;<\/li>\n<li>45 kilos;<\/li>\n<li>55 kilos.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Hierro fundido\u00a0<\/strong>Se produce teniendo en cuenta su prop\u00f3sito previsto. Si la aleaci\u00f3n se destina a la fabricaci\u00f3n de acero, se utilizan los grados P1 y P2; para fundiciones, los grados PL1 y PL2. Este tipo de fundici\u00f3n debe fabricarse de acuerdo con las normas t\u00e9cnicas establecidas. Durante la producci\u00f3n, debe haber chatarra, cuya cantidad no debe superar el 2% de la masa por lote, y los trozos de chatarra no deben pesar m\u00e1s de 2 kg.<\/p>\n\n\t<!--<div class='top-banner-pages'>\t\n\n\t<\/div>--->\n\t\n<p>La superficie del lingote debe estar limpia, sin escorias ni otros contaminantes, aunque se admiten dep\u00f3sitos de cal, grafito y otros elementos, lo que de ninguna manera afecta a la calidad de la aleaci\u00f3n en s\u00ed ni al proceso de procesamiento posterior.\u00a0<strong>Hierro fundido\u00a0<\/strong>Puede contener cobre, cuyo porcentaje no debe superar 0,31 TP3T. Para los grados PVK1, PVK2 y PVK3, se exige un contenido de azufre no superior a 0,0011 TP3T y un contenido de f\u00f3sforo de hasta 0,0151 TP3T.<\/p>\n<h2>Propiedades del arrabio<\/h2>\n<p><strong>Propiedades del arrabio\u00a0<\/strong>Determinar su aplicaci\u00f3n. Debido a la excepcional fragilidad de la aleaci\u00f3n, no es mecanizable. Seg\u00fan el proceso de fundici\u00f3n, el arrabio se clasifica como:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>no aleado;<\/li>\n<li>aleaci\u00f3n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Estas propiedades est\u00e1n controladas por la cantidad y la dosificaci\u00f3n de los elementos de aleaci\u00f3n, lo que a su vez afecta las propiedades de la aleaci\u00f3n. Por ejemplo,\u00a0<strong>propiedades del arrabio\u00a0<\/strong>La aleaci\u00f3n con n\u00edquel (0,5-3,5%) permite su uso en la producci\u00f3n de piezas con alta resistencia a la compresi\u00f3n. Gracias a su alto contenido de n\u00edquel, cromo, silicio y cobre, se utiliza para producir piezas que requieren alta resistencia a la corrosi\u00f3n.<\/p>\n<h3>\n<!---<div class='top-banner-pages'>\n\n<\/div>-->\n\n\t<\/h3>\n<h3>Procesamiento de arrabio<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Procesamiento de arrabio\u00a0<\/strong>El hierro fundido modificado o grafitizado se puede producir mediante diversos m\u00e9todos. Sin embargo, no todos cumplen con las propiedades mec\u00e1nicas y la microestructura estandarizadas del hierro fundido. Es crucial eliminar el enfriamiento del hierro fundido y, al mismo tiempo, mejorar sus propiedades f\u00edsicas y mec\u00e1nicas. Esto se logra a\u00f1adiendo ferrosilicio al hierro fundido fundido durante el proceso de fundici\u00f3n de arrabio, a una temperatura de 1330 a 1400 grados Celsius.<\/p>\n<p>Teniendo en cuenta el contenido de carbono y silicio en el hierro fundido, se calcula el consumo de ferrosilicio. <strong>procesamiento de arrabio\u00a0<\/strong>Elimina el enfriamiento, afina el grano eut\u00e9ctico, adquiere tendencia a la grafitizaci\u00f3n, imparte propiedades mec\u00e1nicas \u00f3ptimas y tecnol\u00f3gicas mejoradas a las piezas fundidas terminadas.<\/p>\n<p>Esta tecnolog\u00eda mejora la homogeneidad de la macroestructura, lo que determina las cualidades de la aleaci\u00f3n mencionadas. Para mejorar la homogeneidad de la macroestructura y lograr altas propiedades mec\u00e1nicas, es necesario diferenciar el consumo espec\u00edfico de modificadores durante el procesamiento, considerando el manganeso, elemento formador de carburo, y el silicio, elemento grafitizante.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Hierro fundido<\/strong>, sus principales marcas seg\u00fan GOST:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>P1, P2, PVC1, PVC2, PVC3,<\/li>\n<li>PL1, PL2, PF1, PF2, PF3.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-66 size-full aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/metallsmaster.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/691_big.webp\" alt=\"arrabio\" width=\"847\" height=\"517\" srcset=\"https:\/\/metallsmaster.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/691_big.webp 847w, https:\/\/metallsmaster.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/691_big-300x183.webp 300w, https:\/\/metallsmaster.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/691_big-768x469.webp 768w, https:\/\/metallsmaster.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/691_big-254x155.webp 254w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 847px) 100vw, 847px\" \/><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>El hierro fundido destinado a ser procesado posteriormente para obtener acero o a ser refundido como pieza de fundici\u00f3n se denomina\u2026<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":66,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-65","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-metalls"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.1.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0427\u0443\u0433\u0443\u043d \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439, \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 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