{"id":759,"date":"2019-03-26T14:00:20","date_gmt":"2019-03-26T11:00:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/metallsmaster.ru\/?p=759"},"modified":"2020-11-02T10:08:17","modified_gmt":"2020-11-02T07:08:17","slug":"osmij","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/metallsmaster.pro\/es\/osmij\/","title":{"rendered":"Osmio"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>\u00a0\u00a0 Osmio - <\/strong>un metal de transici\u00f3n perteneciente al grupo de metales del platino, designado por el s\u00edmbolo en la tabla peri\u00f3dica de elementos qu\u00edmicos <strong>Os, <\/strong>Es un elemento qu\u00edmico con n\u00famero at\u00f3mico 76. Junto con el iridio, posee la mayor densidad de todas las sustancias elementales. Su color es blanco plateado con un matiz azulado. Fue descubierto hace relativamente poco tiempo, en 1803, por un qu\u00edmico ingl\u00e9s en un precipitado de platino disuelto en agua regia. <strong>Osmio <\/strong>Se obtiene aislando metales de platino de materias primas enriquecidas. Para ello, este concentrado se calcina al aire a una temperatura de 800-900 \u00b0C.<sup>0 <\/sup>CON.<\/p>\n<h2>metal osmio<\/h2>\n\n\t<!--<div class='top-banner-pages'>\t\n\n\t<\/div>--->\n\t\n<p>En la corteza terrestre <strong>osmio <\/strong>Se presenta en soluciones s\u00f3lidas con iridio, que contienen entre 10 y 50 \u03bcg de osmio. El osmio se encuentra en minerales polimet\u00e1licos que contienen platino y paladio, as\u00ed como en minerales de platino y residuos del procesamiento de minerales aur\u00edferos. El primero forma cristales densos, blancos y gris claro, con forma de placa, con una dureza de 6,7 en la escala de Mohs. Este mineral tiene un alto contenido de osmio, que oscila entre 21 y 49,3 \u03bcg. El mineral se compone de cristales grises de estructura hexagonal, con una dureza de 6 en la escala de Mohs y una densidad de 17\u00a0800 a 22\u00a0500 kg\/m\u00b3.<sup>3<\/sup>En la mayor\u00eda de los casos, el osmio que contiene iridio forma parte del platino nativo, pero a veces estos minerales se presentan de forma independiente.<\/p>\n<h3>Propiedades del osmio<\/h3>\n<p><strong>\u00a0 \n<!---<div class='top-banner-pages'>\n\n<\/div>-->\n\n\t<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Propiedades del osmio <\/strong>Posee caracter\u00edsticas de resistencia y dureza bastante altas. Su densidad es de 22,587 g\/cm\u00b3.<sup>3<\/sup>, punto de fusi\u00f3n 3033<sup>0<\/sup>C, y punto de ebullici\u00f3n 5012<sup>0<\/sup>C. El osmio es un metal duro pero fr\u00e1gil con una gravedad espec\u00edfica muy alta. Propiedades f\u00edsicas y mec\u00e1nicas <strong>propiedades del osmio <\/strong>Debido a su dif\u00edcil procesamiento, se considera la sustancia simple m\u00e1s densa, incluso m\u00e1s densa que el iridio. Su alta densidad se debe a la compresi\u00f3n de los lant\u00e1nidos y a una red cristalina hexagonal y compacta. Qu\u00edmicamente, el osmio en polvo reacciona con ox\u00edgeno, vapor de azufre, selenio, hal\u00f3genos y otros elementos al calentarse. El osmio compacto no reacciona con \u00e1cidos ni \u00e1lcalis. Reacciona lentamente con \u00e1cido n\u00edtrico y agua regia.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Propiedades del osmio, <\/strong>Como dureza y alta refractariedad, permiten:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u00daselo como recubrimiento en unidades de fricci\u00f3n para proporcionar resistencia al desgaste;<\/li>\n<li>El osmio sirve como un muy buen catalizador para la s\u00edntesis de amoniaco, as\u00ed como para la hidrogenaci\u00f3n de compuestos org\u00e1nicos;<\/li>\n<li>La aleaci\u00f3n se utiliza para fabricar el filamento de una l\u00e1mpara.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Propiedades del osmio <\/strong>Son \u00fatiles en equipos electr\u00f3nicos, ingenier\u00eda aeron\u00e1utica, coheter\u00eda y la industria militar, incluyendo la fabricaci\u00f3n de misiles teledirigidos. Las aleaciones de osmio-platino se utilizan ampliamente en implantes quir\u00fargicos y marcapasos.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0\u00a0 Osmio <\/strong>Es muy valorado, ya que su producci\u00f3n anual es de apenas unos kilogramos, unos 600. Sin embargo, los costos son muy altos: un gramo cuesta entre 1.500 y 40.000 d\u00f3lares. <strong>Precio <\/strong>El valor del is\u00f3topo &quot;osmio-187&quot; es de 200.000 d\u00f3lares por gramo. Como puede ver, el osmio es un metal precioso, aunque no se utiliza en joyer\u00eda. Este metal merece realmente atenci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-760 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/metallsmaster.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/\u041e\u0441\u043c\u0438\u0439-\u0441\u0445\u0435\u043c\u0430.jpg\" alt=\"Diagrama de osmio\" width=\"300\" height=\"168\" srcset=\"https:\/\/metallsmaster.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/\u041e\u0441\u043c\u0438\u0439-\u0441\u0445\u0435\u043c\u0430.jpg 300w, https:\/\/metallsmaster.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/\u041e\u0441\u043c\u0438\u0439-\u0441\u0445\u0435\u043c\u0430-254x142.jpg 254w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00a0\u00a0 El osmio es un metal de transici\u00f3n que pertenece al grupo de metales del platino en la tabla peri\u00f3dica de elementos qu\u00edmicos\u2026<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":761,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-759","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blagorodnye-metally"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.1.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041f\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u043c\u0438\u044f - \u0440\u0435\u0434\u0447\u0430\u0439\u0448\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043b\u0430 \u0438 \u0433\u0434\u0435 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u044e\u0442.\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Dimon@1873\"\/>\n\t<link rel=\"canonical\" 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