{"id":877,"date":"2019-04-20T14:25:58","date_gmt":"2019-04-20T11:25:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/metallsmaster.ru\/?p=877"},"modified":"2020-11-02T09:57:40","modified_gmt":"2020-11-02T06:57:40","slug":"renij","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/metallsmaster.pro\/es\/renij\/","title":{"rendered":"Renio, propiedades del metal, caracter\u00edsticas y propiedades"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>El renio es un metal de transici\u00f3n muy denso, designado como elemento 75 en la tabla peri\u00f3dica. Traducido al lat\u00edn, significa &quot;rhenus&quot;, el nombre del r\u00edo Rin en Alemania. Su descubrimiento es relativamente reciente: 1925. Fue descubierto por qu\u00edmicos alemanes, y en 1928 se extrajo renio puro de la molibdenita noruega. Esto se logr\u00f3 procesando 600 kg de esta roca. No todos los elementos qu\u00edmicos tienen un is\u00f3topo estable, pero el renio s\u00ed, lo que lo convierte en el \u00faltimo elemento descubierto en tenerlo. Los elementos descubiertos posteriormente no tienen is\u00f3topos estables.<\/p>\n\n\t<!--<div class='top-banner-pages'>\t\n\n\t<\/div>--->\n\t\n<h2>metal renio<\/h2>\n<p>Los concentrados de sulfuro de cobre y molibdeno se utilizan para obtener el metal; son las materias primas m\u00e1s importantes para la obtenci\u00f3n de renio primario. Su contenido aproximado puede ser de 0,0051 TP\u00b3T en peso. Las propiedades geoqu\u00edmicas de este metal son muy similares a las del tungsteno y el molibdeno. La extracci\u00f3n de renio es dif\u00edcil y costosa. Solo se conoce un yacimiento rentable de renio en el mundo: la isla de Iturup, en las islas Kuriles, donde se encuentra en forma de renita, un mineral con una estructura similar a la molibdenita. El mineral tarkianita, que contiene renio, tambi\u00e9n se ha descubierto en Finlandia.<\/p>\n<h3>Propiedades del renio<\/h3>\n\n<!---<div class='top-banner-pages'>\n\n<\/div>-->\n\n\t\n<p>El renio es un metal muy duro, con una densidad de 21,02 g\/cm\u00b3. Su polvo es de color gris oscuro o negro. Una alta densidad requiere un punto de fusi\u00f3n muy alto; el renio tiene un punto de fusi\u00f3n de 31.860 \u00b0C, inferior al del tungsteno. Su punto de ebullici\u00f3n, 55.960 \u00b0C, es paramagn\u00e9tico. Posee una red cristalina hexagonal. Estas cifras indican que es un metal refractario y muy similar al tungsteno y al molibdeno, as\u00ed como a los metales del grupo del platino. Es d\u00factil a temperatura ambiente, pero tras el procesamiento, su dureza aumenta significativamente debido al endurecimiento por deformaci\u00f3n, gracias a su alto m\u00f3dulo de elasticidad.<\/p>\n<p>Las propiedades mec\u00e1nicas del renio le permiten soportar el calentamiento y enfriamiento repetidos sin perder su resistencia. Incluso a temperaturas de 12\u00a0000 \u00b0C, su resistencia supera a la del tungsteno. Otra ventaja del renio sobre el molibdeno y el tungsteno es que su resistividad el\u00e9ctrica es cuatro veces mayor.<\/p>\n<p>Las propiedades qu\u00edmicas del renio lo hacen estable en el aire a temperatura ambiente. A temperaturas superiores a 3000 \u00b0C, se produce oxidaci\u00f3n, y a 6000 \u00b0C, se intensifica. Entre los metales del grupo del platino, es m\u00e1s resistente a la oxidaci\u00f3n y no reacciona directamente con el nitr\u00f3geno ni el hidr\u00f3geno. Reacciona con elementos como el bromo, el cloro y el fl\u00faor solo al calentarse. Reacciona d\u00e9bilmente con el \u00e1cido sulf\u00farico, incluso despu\u00e9s del calentamiento, pero se disuelve f\u00e1cilmente en \u00e1cido n\u00edtrico.<\/p>\n<p>Entre los metales refractarios, el renio no forma carburos. Su excelente dureza, resistencia y estabilidad permiten su uso:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>en la creaci\u00f3n de piezas para tecnolog\u00eda de cohetes y aviaci\u00f3n supers\u00f3nica;<\/li>\n<li>Las c\u00e1maras de combusti\u00f3n, los \u00e1labes de las turbinas y las toberas de escape de los motores a reacci\u00f3n est\u00e1n hechos de aleaci\u00f3n de n\u00edquel;<\/li>\n<li>motores de turbinas de gas que contienen metales de n\u00edquel-renio resistentes al calor;<\/li>\n<li>contactos el\u00e9ctricos autolimpiables;<\/li>\n<li>en la producci\u00f3n de refinaci\u00f3n de petr\u00f3leo.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>As\u00ed pues, est\u00e1 claro que las propiedades del renio permiten que este valioso metal y sus aleaciones se utilicen en una amplia variedad de industrias y est\u00e9n encontrando nuevas formas de aplicaci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-878 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/metallsmaster.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/\u0420\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439-\u0441\u0445\u0435\u043c\u0430.webp\" alt=\"Diagrama de renio\" width=\"260\" height=\"194\" srcset=\"https:\/\/metallsmaster.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/\u0420\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439-\u0441\u0445\u0435\u043c\u0430.webp 260w, https:\/\/metallsmaster.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/\u0420\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439-\u0441\u0445\u0435\u043c\u0430-254x190.webp 254w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 260px) 100vw, 260px\" \/><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>El renio es un metal de transici\u00f3n muy denso, designado en la tabla peri\u00f3dica como elemento qu\u00edmico\u2026<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":879,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-877","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blagorodnye-metally"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.1.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0421\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u0445\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043b\u0430. \u0413\u0434\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0442 \u0446\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043b.\" \/>\n\t<meta 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