{"id":889,"date":"2019-04-20T17:00:02","date_gmt":"2019-04-20T14:00:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/metallsmaster.ru\/?p=889"},"modified":"2020-11-02T09:56:36","modified_gmt":"2020-11-02T06:56:36","slug":"svarka-metalla-metody","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/metallsmaster.pro\/es\/metodos-de-soldadura-de-metales\/","title":{"rendered":"Soldadura de metales, m\u00e9todos"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>La soldadura consiste en unir dos metales diferentes mediante un intenso calentamiento, deformaci\u00f3n y fusi\u00f3n de los enlaces interat\u00f3micos, lo que da como resultado una uni\u00f3n permanente. Actualmente, la soldadura emplea numerosos m\u00e9todos, aproximadamente un centenar en total. Los diferentes tipos de soldadura se clasifican seg\u00fan sus caracter\u00edsticas f\u00edsicas, t\u00e9cnicas y tecnol\u00f3gicas.<\/p>\n<p>Las caracter\u00edsticas f\u00edsicas incluyen:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>soldadura t\u00e9rmica de metales;<\/li>\n<li>termomec\u00e1nico;<\/li>\n<li>mec\u00e1nico.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-890 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/metallsmaster.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/\u0421\u0432\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0430-\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043b\u0430-\u0441\u0445\u0435\u043c\u0430.webp\" alt=\"Diagrama de soldadura de metales\" width=\"275\" height=\"183\" srcset=\"https:\/\/metallsmaster.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/\u0421\u0432\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0430-\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043b\u0430-\u0441\u0445\u0435\u043c\u0430.webp 275w, https:\/\/metallsmaster.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/\u0421\u0432\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0430-\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043b\u0430-\u0441\u0445\u0435\u043c\u0430-254x169.webp 254w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 275px) 100vw, 275px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>La soldadura t\u00e9rmica es un tipo de soldadura que utiliza energ\u00eda t\u00e9rmica. Entre estas se incluyen la soldadura por gas, la soldadura por arco, la soldadura por plasma y otras.<\/p>\n<p>La soldadura termomec\u00e1nica se refiere a un tipo de soldadura que utiliza energ\u00eda t\u00e9rmica y presi\u00f3n.<\/p>\n\n\t<!--<div class='top-banner-pages'>\t\n\n\t<\/div>--->\n\t\n<p>Cualquier proceso que utilice energ\u00eda mec\u00e1nica se denomina soldadura mec\u00e1nica. Algunos ejemplos son la soldadura en fr\u00edo, la soldadura por explosi\u00f3n, la soldadura por fricci\u00f3n y la soldadura ultras\u00f3nica.<\/p>\n<p>Seg\u00fan sus caracter\u00edsticas t\u00e9cnicas existen tipos de soldadura:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>por el m\u00e9todo de protecci\u00f3n del metal en la zona de soldadura (en vac\u00edo, en aire, en espuma, bajo fundente, en gas protector);<\/li>\n<li>por la duraci\u00f3n del proceso (intermitente y continuo);<\/li>\n<li>por grado de mecanizaci\u00f3n (mecanizado, automatizado, autom\u00e1tico, manual);<\/li>\n<li>gas protector (en gases inertes y en gases activos);<\/li>\n<li>la naturaleza de la protecci\u00f3n del metal en la zona de soldadura (en atm\u00f3sfera controlada o con protecci\u00f3n contra chorro).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Soldadura de metales, m\u00e9todos<\/h2>\n\n<!---<div class='top-banner-pages'>\n\n<\/div>-->\n\n\t\n<p>Seg\u00fan las caracter\u00edsticas tecnol\u00f3gicas, se establece para cada tipo por separado, ya que sus m\u00e9todos de funcionamiento difieren.<br \/>\nSoldadura por arco. Consiste en fundir los bordes met\u00e1licos con un arco el\u00e9ctrico, lo que genera un calor intenso y funde el metal.<\/p>\n<p>Existen algunos tipos de esta soldadura:<\/p>\n<p>1) Arco manual.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>La soldadura con electrodo consumible es un m\u00e9todo cl\u00e1sico en el que el electrodo se funde y el borde de la pieza forma un charco de metal fundido. Al enfriarse, se forma una soldadura.<\/li>\n<li>Un electrodo no consumible, ya sea de carbono o grafito, genera un arco entre la pieza de trabajo y el metal de aportaci\u00f3n, creando un charco de metal l\u00edquido que luego se solidifica. Se utiliza para soldar metales no ferrosos.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>2) Soldadura por arco sumergido semiautom\u00e1tica y autom\u00e1tica.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>El arco se alimenta y se desplaza a lo largo del contorno especificado de los bordes a soldar. El fundente protege la soldadura de la exposici\u00f3n al ox\u00edgeno externo. La calidad de la soldadura es excelente.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>3) Soldadura por arco, cuando el metal est\u00e1 en un gas protector.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>La soldadura se realiza con un electrodo no consumible (tungsteno) o un electrodo consumible. En este caso, el electrodo se funde y se forma una soldadura; en la soldadura no consumible, la soldadura emerge del metal fundido de la pieza de trabajo; en ocasiones, se a\u00f1ade un material de aportaci\u00f3n. Un potente chorro de gas protector desplaza el aire atmosf\u00e9rico, protegiendo contra la oxidaci\u00f3n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>4) Soldadura por electroescoria.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Se realiza mediante la fusi\u00f3n del metal de los bordes soldados del producto.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Los metales refractarios y qu\u00edmicamente activos, as\u00ed como sus aleaciones, se utilizan cada vez m\u00e1s en la industria. Su uni\u00f3n requiere nuevos tipos de soldadura de metales, m\u00e9todos que han logrado este objetivo con \u00e9xito. Para ello, se han desarrollado t\u00e9cnicas de soldadura que garantizan soldaduras de excepcional calidad y utilizan fuentes de calor altamente concentradas.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>La soldadura implica el proceso de unir dos metales diferentes, lo que implica un calentamiento intenso, deformaci\u00f3n,\u2026<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":891,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-889","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-svarka-metallov"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.1.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0412\u0438\u0434\u044b \u0441\u0432\u0430\u0440\u043e\u043a \u043f\u043e \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c, 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