{"id":102,"date":"2017-12-28T15:27:16","date_gmt":"2017-12-28T12:27:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/metallsmaster.ru\/?p=102"},"modified":"2021-08-21T12:40:58","modified_gmt":"2021-08-21T09:40:58","slug":"alyuminij-i-splavy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/metallsmaster.pro\/fr\/alyuminij-et-splavy\/","title":{"rendered":"Aluminium et alliages"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Aluminium <\/strong>Il est utilis\u00e9 pour fabriquer diverses pi\u00e8ces et alliages \u00e0 base de ce m\u00e9tal. L&#039;\u00e9tude et l&#039;application de ce m\u00e9tal ont permis de d\u00e9velopper une technologie de transformation. L&#039;alliage permet de conf\u00e9rer au mat\u00e9riau les propri\u00e9t\u00e9s requises. Ce proc\u00e9d\u00e9 implique l&#039;\u00e9tat fondu. <strong>aluminium <\/strong>m\u00e9lang\u00e9 avec des masses fondues d&#039;\u00e9l\u00e9ments suppl\u00e9mentaires.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Citylom propose les meilleurs prix pour le recyclage du laiton \u00e0 Moscou et dans la r\u00e9gion de Moscou :\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/citylom.ru\/priem-alyuminiya\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-saferedirecturl=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/citylom.ru\/priem-alyuminiya&amp;source=gmail&amp;ust=1629624898245000&amp;usg=AFQjCNEGddns1_KUA5mnf5y_ICXvVs3ULg\">https:\/\/citylom.ru\/priem-<wbr \/>aluminium<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Ce proc\u00e9d\u00e9 am\u00e9liore la qualit\u00e9 des produits m\u00e9tallurgiques. Selon les proportions choisies et les \u00e9l\u00e9ments compl\u00e9mentaires, les propri\u00e9t\u00e9s chimiques, m\u00e9caniques et physiques du m\u00e9tal changent. Aujourd&#039;hui, le m\u00e9tal pur <strong>aluminium<\/strong> Il est pratiquement inutilis\u00e9 dans l&#039;industrie en raison de sa faible r\u00e9sistance. Les alliages, cependant, sont largement utilis\u00e9s, et leurs proportions et technologies de transformation sont constamment am\u00e9lior\u00e9es. <strong>Soudage de l&#039;aluminium<\/strong> Elle est r\u00e9alis\u00e9e \u00e0 l&#039;aide d&#039;une machine \u00e0 arc par points ou \u00e0 arc sous argon ; le soudage \u00e0 l&#039;arc \u00e9lectrique est \u00e9galement utilis\u00e9.<\/p>\n<h2>\n\t<!--<div class='top-banner-pages'>\t\n\n\t<\/div>--->\n\t<\/h2>\n<h2>Propri\u00e9t\u00e9s de base de l&#039;aluminium<\/h2>\n<p>Les principaux facteurs d\u00e9terminant la large gamme d\u2019utilisation de tout mat\u00e9riau sont ses propri\u00e9t\u00e9s et ses indicateurs de performance. <strong>alliages \u00e0 base d&#039;aluminium<\/strong> sont utilis\u00e9s dans presque tous les domaines d&#039;activit\u00e9. La raison de cette pr\u00e9valence est simple\u00a0: <strong>Propri\u00e9t\u00e9s de base de l&#039;aluminium<\/strong>, qui sont r\u00e9pertori\u00e9s.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>densit\u00e9 - 2,7 g\/cm\u00b3<\/li>\n<li>le point de fusion de l&#039;aluminium technique est de 658 \u00b0C ;<\/li>\n<li>le point de fusion de l&#039;aluminium pur est de 660 \u00b0C ;<\/li>\n<li>chaleur sp\u00e9cifique de fusion \u2014 390 kJ\/kg;<\/li>\n<li>point d&#039;\u00e9bullition - 2500 \u00b0C;<\/li>\n<li>chaleur sp\u00e9cifique d\u2019\u00e9vaporation \u2014 10,53 MJ\/kg;<\/li>\n<li>capacit\u00e9 thermique massique \u2014 880 J\/kg\u00b7K;<\/li>\n<li>la r\u00e9sistance \u00e0 la traction de l&#039;aluminium coul\u00e9 est de 10 \u00e0 12 kg\/mm\u00b2, la r\u00e9sistance \u00e0 la traction de l&#039;aluminium d\u00e9form\u00e9 est de 18 \u00e0 25 kg\/mm\u00b2, la r\u00e9sistance \u00e0 la traction des alliages est de 38 \u00e0 42 kg\/mm\u00b2 ;<\/li>\n<li>Duret\u00e9 Brinell : 24...32 kgf\/mm\u00b2 ;<\/li>\n<li>plasticit\u00e9 de qualit\u00e9 technique - 35 %;<\/li>\n<li>plasticit\u00e9 du pur - 50 %;<\/li>\n<li>Module de Young \u2014 70 GPa\u00a0;<\/li>\n<li>L&#039;aluminium a une conductivit\u00e9 \u00e9lectrique \u00e9lev\u00e9e (37 10<sup>6<\/sup>\u00a0Cm\/m) et conductivit\u00e9 thermique (203,5 W\/(m\u00b7K)), 65 % provenant de la conductivit\u00e9 \u00e9lectrique du cuivre, a une r\u00e9flectivit\u00e9 lumineuse \u00e9lev\u00e9e ;<\/li>\n<li>Paramagn\u00e9tique faible;<\/li>\n<li>Coefficient de dilatation thermique lin\u00e9aire 24,58\u00b710<sup>-6<\/sup>\u00c0<sup>-1<\/sup>\u00a0(20\u2026200 \u00b0C);<\/li>\n<li>R\u00e9sistance sp\u00e9cifique 0,0262..0,0295 Ohm mm\u00b2\/m ;<\/li>\n<li>Coefficient de temp\u00e9rature de la r\u00e9sistance \u00e9lectrique 4,3 x 10<sup>-3<\/sup>K<sup>-1<\/sup>L&#039;aluminium entre dans l&#039;\u00e9tat supraconducteur \u00e0 une temp\u00e9rature de 1,2 Kelvin.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Une propri\u00e9t\u00e9 importante qui distingue <strong>alliages \u00e0 base d&#039;aluminium<\/strong> \u2014 une ductilit\u00e9 \u00e9lev\u00e9e. Il peut \u00eatre facilement lamin\u00e9 en feuille, ce qui est particuli\u00e8rement important pour une utilisation en \u00e9lectronique et en \u00e9lectrotechnique. Ce mat\u00e9riau est facile \u00e0 usiner avec de faibles efforts m\u00e9caniques. Son bas point de fusion permet la refusion et la fabrication de pi\u00e8ces en alliage d&#039;aluminium avec une consommation d&#039;\u00e9nergie minimale, r\u00e9duisant ainsi les co\u00fbts de production et le co\u00fbt du produit lui-m\u00eame.<\/p>\n<h3>\n<!---<div class='top-banner-pages'>\n\n<\/div>-->\n\n\t<\/h3>\n<h3>Nuances d&#039;aluminium selon GOST<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Aluminium<\/strong> et ses alliages, comme d&#039;autres m\u00e9taux, sont \u00e9tiquet\u00e9s selon des normes \u00e9tablies. Ainsi, il existe <strong>nuances d&#039;aluminium selon GOST, <\/strong>qui sont donn\u00e9s dans les listes.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Alliages d&#039;aluminium corroy\u00e9s :<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Durcissement par traitement thermique :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Duralumin <\/strong>D1, D16, D20*, alliages aluminium-cuivre-mangan\u00e8se [Al-Cu-Mg] ;<\/li>\n<li>Alliage avial (AV) ;<\/li>\n<li>Alliage \u00e0 haute r\u00e9sistance (B95) ;<\/li>\n<li>Alliages pour forgeage et emboutissage (AK6, AK8, AK4-1 [r\u00e9sistant \u00e0 la chaleur]).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Non durcissable par traitement thermique :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Alliages aluminium-mangan\u00e8se (AMts) ;<\/li>\n<li>Alliages d&#039;aluminium avec magn\u00e9sium (AMg2, AMg3, AMg5, AMg6).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Coul\u00e9e d&#039;alliages d&#039;aluminium pour pi\u00e8ces moul\u00e9es :<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Alliages aluminium-silicium (<strong>silumine \/<\/strong>) Al-Si (AL2, AL4, AL9) - haute densit\u00e9 de pi\u00e8ces moul\u00e9es, faciles \u00e0 couper, caract\u00e9ris\u00e9es par des performances lin\u00e9aires \u00e9lev\u00e9es ;<\/li>\n<li>Alliages aluminium-cuivre Al-Cu (AL7, AL19) - propri\u00e9t\u00e9s m\u00e9caniques \u00e9lev\u00e9es apr\u00e8s traitement thermique, faciles \u00e0 usiner ;<\/li>\n<li>Alliages aluminium-magn\u00e9sium Al-Mg (AL8, AL27) - r\u00e9sistance accrue \u00e0 la corrosion, propri\u00e9t\u00e9s m\u00e9caniques am\u00e9lior\u00e9es, facilit\u00e9 d&#039;usinage ;<\/li>\n<li>Alliages d&#039;aluminium r\u00e9sistants \u00e0 la chaleur (AL1, AL21, AL33) - faciles \u00e0 couper, r\u00e9sistance accrue \u00e0 la chaleur.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Classification en termes de facilit\u00e9 de traitement m\u00e9canique <\/strong>(Doux et ductile, difficile \u00e0 usiner) :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Recuit - D16, AB;<\/li>\n<li>Non durci par traitement thermique - AMts, AMg2, AMg3, AMg5, AMg6.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Alliages d&#039;aluminium relativement r\u00e9sistants et durs, assez faciles \u00e0 usiner :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Durci et vieilli artificiellement : D16T, D16N, AVT ;<\/li>\n<li>Forgeage : AK6, AK8, AK4-1 ;<\/li>\n<li>Fonderie : AL2, AL4, AL9, AL8, AL27, AL1, AL21, AL33.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-103 size-full aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/metallsmaster.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/alluminii_3.webp\" alt=\"Aluminium\" width=\"275\" height=\"275\" srcset=\"https:\/\/metallsmaster.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/alluminii_3.webp 275w, https:\/\/metallsmaster.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/alluminii_3-150x150.webp 150w, https:\/\/metallsmaster.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/alluminii_3-190x190.webp 190w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 275px) 100vw, 275px\" \/><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>L&#039;aluminium est utilis\u00e9 pour fabriquer divers composants et alliages \u00e0 base d&#039;aluminium. Des \u00e9tudes sont en cours\u2026<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":103,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-102","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cvetnye-metally"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.1.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0410\u043b\u044e\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0439, \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043b\u0430 \u0438 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0432, \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u043c\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta 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