{"id":133,"date":"2017-12-30T00:12:56","date_gmt":"2017-12-29T21:12:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/metallsmaster.ru\/?p=133"},"modified":"2020-11-02T12:05:11","modified_gmt":"2020-11-02T09:05:11","slug":"iridij","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/metallsmaster.pro\/fr\/iridij\/","title":{"rendered":"Iridium"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Au d\u00e9but du XIXe si\u00e8cle, l\u2019\u00e9l\u00e9ment chimique a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9couvert <strong>iridium, <\/strong>Tableau p\u00e9riodique de Mendele\u00efev, num\u00e9ro atomique 77. C&#039;est un m\u00e9tal blanc argent\u00e9 tr\u00e8s dur, tr\u00e8s r\u00e9fractaire et tr\u00e8s dense. Sa r\u00e9sistance \u00e0 la corrosion jusqu&#039;\u00e0 2\u00a0000 \u00b0C est \u00e9galement impressionnante.<sup>0<\/sup>S. Ces param\u00e8tres les ont rendus c\u00e9l\u00e8bres <strong>iridium, <\/strong>et trouve des applications particuli\u00e8res dans diff\u00e9rents domaines.<\/p>\n<p>En grec, \u00ab\u00a0iridium\u00a0\u00bb signifie litt\u00e9ralement \u00ab\u00a0arc-en-ciel\u00a0\u00bb. Sa pr\u00e9sence dans la cro\u00fbte terrestre est tr\u00e8s faible. L&#039;iridium est un m\u00e9tal rare\u00a0; l&#039;or et le platine sont plus courants. Sa principale source est les d\u00e9chets de production de cuivre-nickel\u00a0: les boues anodiques. Il existe diverses autres m\u00e9thodes d&#039;obtention. <strong>m\u00e9tal iridium, <\/strong>qui impliquent des proc\u00e9d\u00e9s de g\u00e9nie chimique tr\u00e8s complexes. Ces m\u00e9thodes de production de ce m\u00e9tal sont tr\u00e8s co\u00fbteuses et, par cons\u00e9quent, tr\u00e8s co\u00fbteuses.<\/p>\n<h2>\n\t<!--<div class='top-banner-pages'>\t\n\n\t<\/div>--->\n\t<\/h2>\n<h2>Propri\u00e9t\u00e9s de l&#039;iridium<\/h2>\n<p>Physique <strong>propri\u00e9t\u00e9s de l&#039;iridium <\/strong>sont assez impressionnants. C&#039;est un m\u00e9tal tr\u00e8s dur et lourd, difficile \u00e0 usiner. Son point de fusion est de 2466 \u00b0C.<sup>0<\/sup>C, a un point d&#039;\u00e9bullition assez \u00e9lev\u00e9 de 4428<sup>0<\/sup>C. Sa duret\u00e9 est d\u00e9termin\u00e9e par sa densit\u00e9 - 22,65 g\/cm<sup>3<\/sup>Il est stable \u00e0 des temp\u00e9ratures allant jusqu&#039;\u00e0 100\u00b0C et est chauff\u00e9 \u00e0 des temp\u00e9ratures normales.<sup>0<\/sup>Il ne r\u00e9agit pas avec tous les acides connus. En pr\u00e9sence de chlorures de m\u00e9taux alcalins \u00e0 une temp\u00e9rature de 600 \u00e0 900 \u00b0C.<sup>0<\/sup>La poudre d&#039;iridium peut \u00eatre dissoute par chloration. Elle r\u00e9agit avec le fluor.<sub>2,<\/sub> lorsque la temp\u00e9rature atteint 450<sup>0<\/sup>AVEC. <strong>Propri\u00e9t\u00e9s de l&#039;iridium <\/strong>ils ne jouent aucun r\u00f4le biologique, ce n&#039;est pas un m\u00e9tal toxique, bien que certains de ses compos\u00e9s soient tr\u00e8s toxiques.<\/p>\n<p>Indicateurs Iridium :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Les alliages d&#039;iridium avec du tungst\u00e8ne et du thorium sont utilis\u00e9s comme m\u00e9tal pour les g\u00e9n\u00e9rateurs thermo\u00e9lectriques ; avec d&#039;autres m\u00e9taux, ils sont utilis\u00e9s pour fabriquer des r\u00e9servoirs de carburant pour les engins spatiaux, des thermocouples et des cathodes thermoioniques ;<\/li>\n<li>dans l&#039;industrie automobile, ils sont utilis\u00e9s dans les bougies d&#039;allumage, ce qui permet de les utiliser pendant une longue p\u00e9riode, bien qu&#039;ils soient chers ;<\/li>\n<li>trouve son application dans la fabrication de stylos \u00e0 plume, sur plumes en or ;<\/li>\n<li>L&#039;iridium 192 est utilis\u00e9 avec succ\u00e8s dans la d\u00e9tection de d\u00e9fauts, lorsque les sources g\u00e9n\u00e9ratrices ne peuvent pas \u00eatre utilis\u00e9es, par exemple dans des environnements explosifs\u00a0;<\/li>\n<li>Il est int\u00e9ressant de noter que l&#039;\u00e9talon du kilogramme est fabriqu\u00e9 en iridium, car l&#039;alliage d&#039;iridium et de platine a une r\u00e9sistance m\u00e9canique et ne s&#039;oxyde pas ;<\/li>\n<li>Il est utilis\u00e9 dans l\u2019industrie de la bijouterie, mais le prix de ces bijoux est incroyablement \u00e9lev\u00e9\u00a0;<\/li>\n<li>des creusets de laboratoire sont fabriqu\u00e9s pour mener des exp\u00e9riences avec du fluor et ses compos\u00e9s agressifs\u00a0;<\/li>\n<li>Ils fabriquent des matrices de soufflage de verre \u00e0 haute r\u00e9sistance et r\u00e9sistantes \u00e0 la chaleur.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\n<!---<div class='top-banner-pages'>\n\n<\/div>-->\n\n\t<\/h3>\n<h3>Prix de l&#039;iridium<\/h3>\n<p>L&#039;extraction de l&#039;iridium est un processus tr\u00e8s complexe et exigeant en main-d&#039;\u0153uvre, avec une production annuelle atteignant 3 tonnes, un chiffre tr\u00e8s faible compar\u00e9 \u00e0 celui d&#039;autres m\u00e9taux pr\u00e9cieux. Son prix fluctue r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement. <strong>Prix de l&#039;iridium <\/strong>35 dollars am\u00e9ricains le gramme. En 2009, c&#039;\u00e9tait 200 dollars am\u00e9ricains le gramme. <strong>Prix de l&#039;iridium <\/strong>En 2016, sa teneur \u00e9tait de 32$ par gramme. L&#039;iridium justifie \u00e0 juste titre sa place de m\u00e9tal pr\u00e9cieux digne de respect.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-134 size-full aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/metallsmaster.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/iridium_3.webp\" alt=\"iridium\" width=\"381\" height=\"343\" srcset=\"https:\/\/metallsmaster.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/iridium_3.webp 381w, https:\/\/metallsmaster.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/iridium_3-300x270.webp 300w, https:\/\/metallsmaster.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/iridium_3-211x190.webp 211w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 381px) 100vw, 381px\" \/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-135 size-full aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/metallsmaster.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/irid3.webp\" alt=\"prix de l&#039;iridium\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https:\/\/metallsmaster.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/irid3.webp 600w, https:\/\/metallsmaster.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/irid3-300x200.webp 300w, https:\/\/metallsmaster.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/irid3-254x169.webp 254w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Au d\u00e9but du XIXe si\u00e8cle, l&#039;\u00e9l\u00e9ment chimique iridium a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9couvert dans le tableau p\u00e9riodique de D.I. Mendele\u00efev\u2026<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":134,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-133","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blagorodnye-metally"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.1.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u044b \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0438\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0438\u044f, \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0430, \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0432 \u0447\u0435\u043c \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0446\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c.\" 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