{"id":60,"date":"2017-12-26T08:30:33","date_gmt":"2017-12-26T05:30:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/metallsmaster.ru\/?p=60"},"modified":"2020-11-02T12:12:50","modified_gmt":"2020-11-02T09:12:50","slug":"chugun","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/metallsmaster.pro\/fr\/fonte-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Fonte : propri\u00e9t\u00e9s, marquage et d\u00e9signation de la fonte"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Fonte<\/strong> \u2013 Ce sont des alliages fer-carbone. Le pourcentage de carbone (C) dans un tel mat\u00e9riau est d&#039;au moins 2%. Le pourcentage maximal de carbone ne d\u00e9passe g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement pas 6,67%. Dans certains cas, avec une augmentation de la teneur en impuret\u00e9s de l&#039;alliage, le pourcentage de carbone diminue, auquel cas le mat\u00e9riau est qualifi\u00e9 de <strong>\u00a0fonte<\/strong>, mais avec quelques modifications. Les alliages \u00e0 haute teneur en chrome, en aluminium et en silicium en sont de bons exemples.<\/p>\n<h2>Propri\u00e9t\u00e9s de la fonte<\/h2>\n<p>Principal <strong>propri\u00e9t\u00e9s de la fonte<\/strong> \u2013 ce sont de bonnes qualit\u00e9s de coul\u00e9e, une fragilit\u00e9 (nettement sup\u00e9rieure \u00e0 celle des aciers) et une duret\u00e9. <strong>Propri\u00e9t\u00e9s de la fonte<\/strong> La composition de la fonte peut varier selon ses composants. Elle contient les \u00e9l\u00e9ments suivants\u00a0:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Si \u2013 silicium, dans la composition de moins de 4,3%, est le deuxi\u00e8me \u00e9l\u00e9ment le plus important apr\u00e8s le carbone, conf\u00e8re au mat\u00e9riau sa douceur et am\u00e9liore sa fluidit\u00e9, augmentant ainsi les propri\u00e9t\u00e9s de coul\u00e9e ;<\/li>\n<li>Mn - le mangan\u00e8se, dans la composition des alliages ne d\u00e9passant pas 2%, contribue \u00e0 augmenter la r\u00e9sistance du m\u00e9tal ;<\/li>\n<li>S \u2013 soufre, teneur inf\u00e9rieure \u00e0 0,7%, provoque une \u00ab fragilit\u00e9 rouge \u00bb, aggrave la fluidit\u00e9 de l\u2019alliage et ses caract\u00e9ristiques de coul\u00e9e ;<\/li>\n<li>P \u2013 phosphore, teneur inf\u00e9rieure \u00e0 1,2%, provoque une \u00ab fragilit\u00e9 \u00e0 froid \u00bb, qui se manifeste sous forme de fissures lors du refroidissement des pi\u00e8ces moul\u00e9es, le composant aggrave les propri\u00e9t\u00e9s m\u00e9caniques de l&#039;alliage ;<\/li>\n<li>Le carbone (C) est le principal composant de la fonte, qui lui conf\u00e8re ses propri\u00e9t\u00e9s fondamentales. Selon la teneur, le type et la forme de ce composant, la fonte est divis\u00e9e en nuances.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\n\t<!--<div class='top-banner-pages'>\t\n\n\t<\/div>--->\n\t<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Fonte\u00a0<\/strong>L&#039;alliage poss\u00e8de plusieurs des propri\u00e9t\u00e9s m\u00e9caniques suivantes, r\u00e9pertori\u00e9es dans le tableau. D&#039;autres param\u00e8tres \u2013 point de fusion, densit\u00e9, allongement relatif, viscosit\u00e9 et duret\u00e9 \u2013 varient consid\u00e9rablement selon la nuance d&#039;alliage.<\/p>\n<h3>Nuances de fonte<\/h3>\n<p>Il existe diff\u00e9rents types, qui \u00e0 leur tour se sont d\u00e9velopp\u00e9s s\u00e9par\u00e9ment <strong>nuances de fonte<\/strong>, qui sont donn\u00e9s dans le tableau.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/metallsmaster.pro\/fr\/fonte-3\/\">Fonte de fonderie<\/a>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>L1, L2, L3, L4, L5,<\/li>\n<li>L6, LR1, LR2, LR3, LR4,<\/li>\n<li>LR5, LR6, LR7.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/metallsmaster.pro\/fr\/fonte\/\">Fonte brute<\/a>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>P1, P2, PVC1, PVC2, PVC3,<\/li>\n<li>PL1, PL2, PF1, PF2, PF3.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Fonte grise :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>SCh10, SCh15, SCh20, SCh25, SCh30,<\/li>\n<li>SCH35.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/metallsmaster.pro\/fr\/forgeage-de-la-fonte\/\">Fonte mall\u00e9able<\/a>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>KCh30-6, KCh33-8, KCh35-10, KCh37-12, KCh45-7,<\/li>\n<li>KCh50-5, KCh55-4, KCh60-3, KCh65-3, KCh70-2, KCh80-1,5.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/metallsmaster.pro\/fr\/fonte-faiblement-alliee\/\">Fonte faiblement alli\u00e9e<\/a>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>CHN2X, CHN3KHMDSH, CHNMSH, CHNKHMD, CHNKHMDSH,<\/li>\n<li>ChNHT, ChS5, ChS5Sh, ChH1, ChH2,<\/li>\n<li>\u0427\u04253, \u0427\u04253\u0422, \u0427\u042e\u0425\u0428.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/metallsmaster.pro\/fr\/fonte-fortement-alliee\/\">Fonte fortement alli\u00e9e<\/a>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>ChG6S3Sh, ChG7X4, ChG8D3, ChN11G7Sh, ChN15D3Sh,<\/li>\n<li>ChN15D7, ChN19H3Sh, ChN20D2Sh, ChN4H2, ChS13,<\/li>\n<li>ChS15, ChS15M4, ChS17, ChS17M3, ChH16,<\/li>\n<li>ChH16M2, ChH22, ChH22S, ChH28, ChH28D2,<\/li>\n<li>ChH28P, ChH32, ChH9N5, ChYu22Sh, ChYu30,<\/li>\n<li>\u0427\u042e6\u04215, \u0427\u042e7\u04252.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/metallsmaster.pro\/fr\/fonte-antifriction\/\">Fonte antifriction<\/a>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>AChV-1, AChV-2, AChK-1, AChK-2, AChS-1,<\/li>\n<li>ASF-2, ASF-3, ASF-4, ASF-5, ASF-6.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Fonte \u00e0 haute teneur en nickel :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>L-Ni35, L-NiCr20-2, L-NiCr20-3, L-NiCr30-3, L-NiCuCr15-6-2,<\/li>\n<li>L-NiCuCr15-6-3, L-NiMn13-7, L-NiSiCr20-5-3, L-NiSiCr30-5-5, S-Ni22,<\/li>\n<li>S-Ni35, S-NiCr20-2, S-NiCr20-3, S-NiCr30-1, S-NiCr30-3,<\/li>\n<li>S-NiCr35-3, S-NiMn13-7, S-NiMn23-4, S-NiSiCr20-5-2, S-NiSiCr30-5-5.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/metallsmaster.pro\/fr\/fonte-nodulaire\/\">Fonte nodulaire<\/a>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>HF100, HF35, HF40, HF45, HF50,<\/li>\n<li>HF60, HF70, HF80.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Fonte avec <a href=\"https:\/\/metallsmaster.pro\/fr\/fonte-a-graphite-vermiculaire\/\">graphite vermiculaire<\/a> pour les pi\u00e8ces moul\u00e9es :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>ChVG30, ChVG35, ChVG40, ChVG45.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>D\u00e9signation de la nuance de fonte<\/h4>\n<p><strong>D\u00e9signation de la nuance de fonte <\/strong>Il existe plusieurs r\u00e8gles de d\u00e9signation GOST \u00e9tablies. Celles-ci incluent une d\u00e9signation alphab\u00e9tique indiquant la nature ou la fonction principale du m\u00e9tal\u00a0: KCh \u2013 mall\u00e9able, VCh \u2013 haute r\u00e9sistance, SCh \u2013 grise, P \u2013 fonte brute, L \u2013 fonderie. Les d\u00e9signations de base suivantes pour la fonte sont \u00e9galement accept\u00e9es\u00a0:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>PL1, PL2 \u2013 conversion pour pi\u00e8ces moul\u00e9es ;<\/li>\n<li>P1, P2 \u2013 conversion;<\/li>\n<li>PVK1, PVK2, PVK3 \u2013 conversion de haute qualit\u00e9\u00a0;<\/li>\n<li>PF1, PF2, PF3 \u2013 acier au phosphore ;<\/li>\n<li>\u0421\u0427 \u2013 avec graphite lamellaire (il est important de savoir que la d\u00e9signation num\u00e9rique suivant les lettres indique la valeur de la r\u00e9sistance \u00e0 la traction, mesur\u00e9e en kgf\/mm) ;<\/li>\n<li>\u0410\u0427 \u2013 antifriction;<\/li>\n<li>AChS \u2013 fonte grise antifriction ;<\/li>\n<li>ACHV \u2013 antifriction \u00e0 haute r\u00e9sistance ;<\/li>\n<li>HF \u2013 avec graphite sph\u00e9ro\u00efdal (la d\u00e9signation num\u00e9rique apr\u00e8s la d\u00e9signation de la lettre indique la r\u00e9sistance \u00e0 la traction) ;<\/li>\n<li>Fonte alli\u00e9e Ch, caract\u00e9ris\u00e9e par des propri\u00e9t\u00e9s particuli\u00e8res.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-53 size-full aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/metallsmaster.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/chugun.webp\" alt=\"fonte\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https:\/\/metallsmaster.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/chugun.webp 800w, https:\/\/metallsmaster.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/chugun-300x200.webp 300w, https:\/\/metallsmaster.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/chugun-768x512.webp 768w, https:\/\/metallsmaster.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/chugun-254x169.webp 254w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>La fonte est un alliage fer-carbone. Le pourcentage de carbone (C) dans ce mat\u00e9riau est d&#039;au moins\u2026<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":53,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-60","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-metalls"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.1.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0427\u0443\u0433\u0443\u043d, \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432 \u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432 \u043c\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438, \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e \u0413\u041e\u0421\u0422\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" 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