{"id":65,"date":"2017-12-26T08:39:22","date_gmt":"2017-12-26T05:39:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/metallsmaster.ru\/?p=65"},"modified":"2020-11-02T12:11:45","modified_gmt":"2020-11-02T09:11:45","slug":"chugun-peredelnyj","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/metallsmaster.pro\/fr\/fonte\/","title":{"rendered":"Fonte brute"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>La fonte, qui est destin\u00e9e \u00e0 \u00eatre transform\u00e9e ult\u00e9rieurement en acier ou \u00e0 \u00eatre refondue sous forme de pi\u00e8ce moul\u00e9e, est appel\u00e9e <strong>fonte brute. <\/strong>Cet alliage ressemble \u00e0 un produit primaire de la m\u00e9tallurgie ferreuse, obtenu par fusion de minerai de fer ou de ferraille dans un haut fourneau ou un four \u00e9lectrique. Ce fer est coul\u00e9 sous forme de fonte brute sans aucun m\u00e9tal ferreux\u2026<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>18 kg;<\/li>\n<li>30 kg;<\/li>\n<li>45 kg;<\/li>\n<li>55 kg.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Fonte brute\u00a0<\/strong>Elle est produite en fonction de l&#039;usage pr\u00e9vu. Si l&#039;alliage est destin\u00e9 \u00e0 la fabrication de l&#039;acier, on utilise les nuances P1 et P2\u00a0; pour les fonderies, on utilise les nuances PL1 et PL2. Ce type de fonte doit \u00eatre fabriqu\u00e9 conform\u00e9ment aux normes de documentation technique \u00e9tablies. Lors de la production, il doit y avoir des chutes dont la quantit\u00e9 ne doit pas d\u00e9passer 2% de la masse par lot, et le poids des chutes ne doit pas d\u00e9passer 2 kg.<\/p>\n\n\t<!--<div class='top-banner-pages'>\t\n\n\t<\/div>--->\n\t\n<p>La surface du lingot doit \u00eatre propre, sans aucun laitier ni autre contaminant, bien que des d\u00e9p\u00f4ts de chaux, de graphite et d&#039;autres \u00e9l\u00e9ments soient autoris\u00e9s, ce qui n&#039;affecte en rien la qualit\u00e9 de l&#039;alliage lui-m\u00eame et n&#039;affecte pas le processus de traitement ult\u00e9rieur.\u00a0<strong>Fonte brute\u00a0<\/strong>Peut contenir du cuivre, dont le pourcentage ne doit pas d\u00e9passer 0,31 TP3T. Pour les nuances PVK1, PVK2 et PVK3, les exigences s&#039;appliquent \u00e0 une teneur en soufre inf\u00e9rieure ou \u00e9gale \u00e0 0,0011 TP3T et \u00e0 une teneur en phosphore inf\u00e9rieure ou \u00e9gale \u00e0 0,0151 TP3T.<\/p>\n<h2>Propri\u00e9t\u00e9s de la fonte<\/h2>\n<p><strong>Propri\u00e9t\u00e9s de la fonte\u00a0<\/strong>D\u00e9terminer son application. En raison de sa fragilit\u00e9 exceptionnelle, l&#039;alliage n&#039;est pas usinable. Selon le proc\u00e9d\u00e9 de fusion, la fonte brute est class\u00e9e comme suit\u00a0:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>non alli\u00e9;<\/li>\n<li>alliage.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Ces propri\u00e9t\u00e9s sont contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par la quantit\u00e9 et le dosage des \u00e9l\u00e9ments d&#039;alliage, qui, \u00e0 leur tour, affectent les propri\u00e9t\u00e9s de l&#039;alliage. Par exemple,\u00a0<strong>propri\u00e9t\u00e9s de la fonte brute\u00a0<\/strong>L&#039;alliage contenant du nickel (0,5-3,5%) permet de produire des pi\u00e8ces \u00e0 haute r\u00e9sistance \u00e0 la compression. Sa forte teneur en nickel, chrome, silicium et cuivre permet de produire des pi\u00e8ces exigeant une r\u00e9sistance \u00e9lev\u00e9e \u00e0 la corrosion.<\/p>\n<h3>\n<!---<div class='top-banner-pages'>\n\n<\/div>-->\n\n\t<\/h3>\n<h3>Traitement de la fonte brute<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Traitement de la fonte brute\u00a0<\/strong>La fonte modifi\u00e9e ou graphit\u00e9e peut \u00eatre produite selon diverses m\u00e9thodes. Cependant, toutes ne respectent pas les propri\u00e9t\u00e9s m\u00e9caniques et la microstructure standardis\u00e9es de la fonte. Il est crucial d&#039;\u00e9liminer le refroidissement de la fonte tout en am\u00e9liorant ses propri\u00e9t\u00e9s physiques et m\u00e9caniques. Pour ce faire, du ferrosilicium est ajout\u00e9 \u00e0 la fonte en fusion lors de la coul\u00e9e de la fonte brute, \u00e0 une temp\u00e9rature comprise entre 1\u00a0330 et 1\u00a0400 \u00b0C.<\/p>\n<p>En tenant compte de la teneur en carbone et en silicium de la fonte, la consommation de ferrosilicium est calcul\u00e9e. <strong>traitement de la fonte\u00a0<\/strong>\u00c9limine le froid, affine le grain eutectique, acquiert une tendance \u00e0 la graphitisation, conf\u00e8re des propri\u00e9t\u00e9s m\u00e9caniques optimales et des propri\u00e9t\u00e9s technologiques am\u00e9lior\u00e9es aux pi\u00e8ces moul\u00e9es finies.<\/p>\n<p>Cette technologie am\u00e9liore l&#039;homog\u00e9n\u00e9it\u00e9 de la macrostructure, d\u00e9terminante pour les qualit\u00e9s de l&#039;alliage mentionn\u00e9es pr\u00e9c\u00e9demment. Pour am\u00e9liorer l&#039;homog\u00e9n\u00e9it\u00e9 de la macrostructure et obtenir des propri\u00e9t\u00e9s m\u00e9caniques \u00e9lev\u00e9es, il est n\u00e9cessaire de diff\u00e9rencier la consommation de modificateurs sp\u00e9cifiques lors de l&#039;usinage, en tenant compte du mangan\u00e8se, \u00e9l\u00e9ment formant le carbure, et du silicium, \u00e9l\u00e9ment graphitisant.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Fonte brute<\/strong>, ses principales marques selon GOST :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>P1, P2, PVC1, PVC2, PVC3,<\/li>\n<li>PL1, PL2, PF1, PF2, PF3.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-66 size-full aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/metallsmaster.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/691_big.webp\" alt=\"fonte brute\" width=\"847\" height=\"517\" srcset=\"https:\/\/metallsmaster.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/691_big.webp 847w, https:\/\/metallsmaster.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/691_big-300x183.webp 300w, https:\/\/metallsmaster.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/691_big-768x469.webp 768w, https:\/\/metallsmaster.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/691_big-254x155.webp 254w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 847px) 100vw, 847px\" \/><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>La fonte destin\u00e9e \u00e0 \u00eatre transform\u00e9e ult\u00e9rieurement en acier ou \u00e0 \u00eatre refondue sous forme de pi\u00e8ce moul\u00e9e est appel\u00e9e\u2026<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":66,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-65","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-metalls"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.1.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0427\u0443\u0433\u0443\u043d 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