{"id":698,"date":"2019-03-19T20:18:13","date_gmt":"2019-03-19T17:18:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/metallsmaster.ru\/?p=698"},"modified":"2020-11-02T10:13:12","modified_gmt":"2020-11-02T07:13:12","slug":"diffuzionnaya-svarka","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/metallsmaster.pro\/fr\/soudage-par-diffusion\/","title":{"rendered":"Soudage par diffusion"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>En 1953, une nouvelle m\u00e9thode d&#039;assemblage des m\u00e9taux par soudage a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e : c&#039;est <strong>soudage par diffusion. <\/strong>Il s&#039;agit d&#039;un type de soudage par pression o\u00f9 les pi\u00e8ces \u00e0 haute temp\u00e9rature subissent une diffusion mutuelle des atomes en contact au fil du temps. Cette m\u00e9thode permet un assemblage tr\u00e8s solide de diff\u00e9rents m\u00e9taux et alliages, ferreux et non ferreux, d&#039;\u00e9paisseurs variables.\u00a0 <strong>Soudage par diffusion <\/strong>Il peut \u00eatre automatique ou semi-automatique, les pi\u00e8ces \u00e9tant soud\u00e9es dans diff\u00e9rentes positions. Le soudage s&#039;effectue par chaleur et pression dans un environnement protecteur.<\/p>\n<h2>Soudage par diffusion des m\u00e9taux<\/h2>\n\n\t<!--<div class='top-banner-pages'>\t\n\n\t<\/div>--->\n\t\n<p>Fonctionnalit\u00e9 <strong>soudage par diffusion des m\u00e9taux <\/strong>La diff\u00e9rence avec les autres m\u00e9thodes de soudage par pression est la temp\u00e9rature de chauffage \u00e9lev\u00e9e du m\u00e9tal 0,5 - 0,7 T<sub>pl<\/sub>, ainsi que des pressions de compression sp\u00e9cifiques relativement faibles de 0,5 \u00e0 0 MPa lors du maintien de l&#039;isotherme pendant quelques minutes \u00e0 plusieurs heures. La liaison par diffusion des atomes est d\u00e9termin\u00e9e par les processus physiques et chimiques du soudage, \u00e0 savoir\u00a0: l&#039;interaction du m\u00e9tal chauff\u00e9 avec les gaz ambiants, le nettoyage de la surface de soudure des oxydes et le d\u00e9veloppement de la recristallisation et du fluage.<\/p>\n<p>Pour une r\u00e9ussite compl\u00e8te <strong>soudage par diffusion des m\u00e9taux, <\/strong>Il est n\u00e9cessaire de r\u00e9duire le taux d&#039;oxydation des pi\u00e8ces. Pour ce faire, on utilise des gaz r\u00e9ducteurs, des flux, des sels fondus et des rev\u00eatements, mais les gaz inertes et le vide sont les plus courants. Dans ce type de soudage, les m\u00e9taux homog\u00e8nes forment une liaison solide lorsque la structure de la zone d&#039;assemblage est identique \u00e0 celle du mat\u00e9riau de base. Ceci est facilit\u00e9 par la pr\u00e9sence de grains communs aux mat\u00e9riaux \u00e0 assembler. <strong>Soudage par diffusion <\/strong>Cr\u00e9e des assemblages de haute qualit\u00e9 entre des mat\u00e9riaux diff\u00e9rents. Les pi\u00e8ces peuvent avoir des formes vari\u00e9es et des surfaces de contact compactes.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\n<!---<div class='top-banner-pages'>\n\n<\/div>-->\n\n\t<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Technologie de soudage par diffusion :<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Pour commencer, la surface m\u00e9tallique est soigneusement nettoy\u00e9e et une distance suffisante est \u00e9tablie entre les pi\u00e8ces pour \u00e9tablir une connexion m\u00e9tallique ;<\/li>\n<li>puis un fort chauffage se produit, ce qui permet de prot\u00e9ger la surface de la contamination, de la nettoyer et de d\u00e9sorber les oxydes en profondeur dans les m\u00e9taux ;<\/li>\n<li>La pression ult\u00e9rieure lisse les irr\u00e9gularit\u00e9s, une d\u00e9formation plastique se produit, une liaison m\u00e9tallique s&#039;\u00e9tablit sur toute la surface de contact et la diffusion s&#039;acc\u00e9l\u00e8re, am\u00e9liorant la fiabilit\u00e9 et la r\u00e9sistance de l&#039;assemblage. Dans certains cas, apr\u00e8s rel\u00e2chement de la pression, les pi\u00e8ces soud\u00e9es restent \u00e0 la temp\u00e9rature de soudage afin de stabiliser les processus de cristallisation.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Technologie de soudage par diffusion <\/strong>Lors du soudage de m\u00e9taux homog\u00e8nes, aucune ligne de s\u00e9paration n&#039;est laiss\u00e9e, tandis que lors du soudage de m\u00e9taux dissemblables, les zones d&#039;assemblage sont d\u00e9termin\u00e9es par leurs diff\u00e9rences de structure. La surface est soigneusement nettoy\u00e9e pour garantir une bonne liaison, conform\u00e9ment aux grades 4 \u00e0 6. Parfois, une couche interm\u00e9diaire, telle que de la poudre de nickel, est utilis\u00e9e pour renforcer la soudure.<\/p>\n<p>Diff\u00e9rentes m\u00e9thodes de chauffage sont utilis\u00e9es :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>radiation;<\/li>\n<li>induction<\/li>\n<li>courant passant;<\/li>\n<li>faisceau d&#039;\u00e9lectrons;<\/li>\n<li>d\u00e9charge luminescente.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Technologie de soudage par diffusion <\/strong>se d\u00e9roule en deux \u00e9tapes :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u00a0compression de surfaces m\u00e9talliques;<\/li>\n<li>\u00a0le processus de formation de la structure d&#039;un joint soud\u00e9.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Avantages de ce type de soudage :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>ne n\u00e9cessite pas de soudures ;<\/li>\n<li>aucun besoin de traitement m\u00e9canique suppl\u00e9mentaire ;<\/li>\n<li>faible consommation d&#039;\u00e9nergie.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-699 aligncenter\" 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