{"id":759,"date":"2019-03-26T14:00:20","date_gmt":"2019-03-26T11:00:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/metallsmaster.ru\/?p=759"},"modified":"2020-11-02T10:08:17","modified_gmt":"2020-11-02T07:08:17","slug":"osmij","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/metallsmaster.pro\/fr\/osmij\/","title":{"rendered":"Osmium"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>\u00a0\u00a0 Osmium - <\/strong>un m\u00e9tal de transition appartenant au groupe des m\u00e9taux du platine, d\u00e9sign\u00e9 par le symbole dans le tableau p\u00e9riodique des \u00e9l\u00e9ments chimiques <strong>Os, <\/strong>C&#039;est un \u00e9l\u00e9ment chimique de num\u00e9ro atomique 76. Avec l&#039;iridium, il poss\u00e8de la densit\u00e9 la plus \u00e9lev\u00e9e de toutes les substances \u00e9l\u00e9mentaires. Il est de couleur blanc argent\u00e9 avec une teinte bleut\u00e9e. Il a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9couvert relativement r\u00e9cemment, en 1803, par un chimiste anglais dans un pr\u00e9cipit\u00e9 de platine dissous dans de l&#039;eau r\u00e9gale. <strong>Osmium <\/strong>Il est obtenu par l&#039;isolement de m\u00e9taux platine \u00e0 partir de mati\u00e8res premi\u00e8res enrichies. Pour cela, ce concentr\u00e9 est calcin\u00e9 \u00e0 l&#039;air \u00e0 une temp\u00e9rature de 800 \u00e0 900 \u00b0C.<sup>0 <\/sup>AVEC.<\/p>\n<h2>Osmium m\u00e9tallique<\/h2>\n\n\t<!--<div class='top-banner-pages'>\t\n\n\t<\/div>--->\n\t\n<p>Dans la cro\u00fbte terrestre <strong>osmium <\/strong>Pr\u00e9sent sous forme de solutions solides avec l&#039;iridium, contenant 10 \u00e0 50 \u00b5g d&#039;osmium. L&#039;osmium est pr\u00e9sent dans les minerais polym\u00e9talliques contenant du platine et du palladium, ainsi que dans les min\u00e9raux de platine et les d\u00e9chets issus du traitement des minerais aurif\u00e8res. Le premier forme des cristaux denses, blancs et gris clair, en forme de plaques, d&#039;une duret\u00e9 de 6,7 sur l&#039;\u00e9chelle de Mohs. Ce min\u00e9ral pr\u00e9sente une teneur \u00e9lev\u00e9e en osmium, comprise entre 21 et 49,3 \u00b5g d&#039;osmium. Ce min\u00e9ral se pr\u00e9sente sous forme de cristaux gris de structure hexagonale, d&#039;une duret\u00e9 de 6 sur l&#039;\u00e9chelle de Mohs et d&#039;une densit\u00e9 de 17\u00a0800 \u00e0 22\u00a0500 kg\/m\u00b3.<sup>3<\/sup>Le plus souvent, l&#039;iridium contenant de l&#039;osmium fait partie du platine natif, mais parfois ces min\u00e9raux se produisent ind\u00e9pendamment.<\/p>\n<h3>Propri\u00e9t\u00e9s de l&#039;osmium<\/h3>\n<p><strong>\u00a0 \n<!---<div class='top-banner-pages'>\n\n<\/div>-->\n\n\t<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Propri\u00e9t\u00e9s de l&#039;osmium <\/strong>Le m\u00e9tal poss\u00e8de des caract\u00e9ristiques de r\u00e9sistance et de duret\u00e9 relativement \u00e9lev\u00e9es. Sa masse volumique est de 22,587 g\/cm<sup>3<\/sup>, point de fusion 3033<sup>0<\/sup>C et point d&#039;\u00e9bullition 5012<sup>0<\/sup>C. L&#039;osmium est un m\u00e9tal dur mais cassant, dot\u00e9 d&#039;une densit\u00e9 tr\u00e8s \u00e9lev\u00e9e. Propri\u00e9t\u00e9s physiques et m\u00e9caniques <strong>propri\u00e9t\u00e9s de l&#039;osmium <\/strong>En raison de sa complexit\u00e9 de traitement, il est consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme la substance simple la plus dense, plus dense m\u00eame que l&#039;iridium. Sa forte densit\u00e9 est due \u00e0 la compression des lanthanides et \u00e0 un r\u00e9seau cristallin hexagonal compact. Chimiquement, l&#039;osmium sous forme de poudre r\u00e9agit avec l&#039;oxyg\u00e8ne, les vapeurs de soufre, le s\u00e9l\u00e9nium, les halog\u00e8nes et d&#039;autres \u00e9l\u00e9ments lorsqu&#039;il est chauff\u00e9. L&#039;osmium compact ne r\u00e9agit ni avec les acides ni avec les bases. Il r\u00e9agit lentement avec l&#039;acide nitrique et l&#039;eau r\u00e9gale.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Propri\u00e9t\u00e9s de l&#039;osmium, <\/strong>telles que la duret\u00e9 et la haute r\u00e9fractarit\u00e9, permettent :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>l&#039;utiliser comme rev\u00eatement dans les unit\u00e9s de friction pour assurer une r\u00e9sistance \u00e0 l&#039;usure\u00a0;<\/li>\n<li>l&#039;osmium est un tr\u00e8s bon catalyseur pour la synth\u00e8se de l&#039;ammoniac, ainsi que pour l&#039;hydrog\u00e9nation de compos\u00e9s organiques ;<\/li>\n<li>L&#039;alliage est utilis\u00e9 pour fabriquer le filament d&#039;une lampe.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Propri\u00e9t\u00e9s de l&#039;osmium <\/strong>Ils sont utiles dans les \u00e9quipements \u00e9lectroniques, l&#039;a\u00e9ronautique, les fus\u00e9es et l&#039;industrie militaire, notamment pour la fabrication de missiles \u00e0 t\u00eate chercheuse. Les alliages osmium-platine sont largement utilis\u00e9s dans les implants chirurgicaux et les stimulateurs cardiaques.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0\u00a0 Osmium <\/strong>Sa valeur est tr\u00e8s \u00e9lev\u00e9e, car sa production annuelle n&#039;est que de quelques kilogrammes, environ 600. Cependant, les co\u00fbts sont tr\u00e8s \u00e9lev\u00e9s : un gramme co\u00fbte entre 1 500 et 40 000 dollars. <strong>Prix <\/strong>La valeur de l&#039;isotope \u00ab\u00a0osmium 187\u00a0\u00bb est de 200\u00a0000\u00a0$ par gramme. Comme vous pouvez le constater, l&#039;osmium est un m\u00e9tal pr\u00e9cieux, bien qu&#039;il ne soit pas utilis\u00e9 en joaillerie. Ce m\u00e9tal m\u00e9rite vraiment qu&#039;on s&#039;y int\u00e9resse.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-760 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/metallsmaster.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/\u041e\u0441\u043c\u0438\u0439-\u0441\u0445\u0435\u043c\u0430.jpg\" alt=\"Diagramme d&#039;osmium\" width=\"300\" height=\"168\" srcset=\"https:\/\/metallsmaster.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/\u041e\u0441\u043c\u0438\u0439-\u0441\u0445\u0435\u043c\u0430.jpg 300w, https:\/\/metallsmaster.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/\u041e\u0441\u043c\u0438\u0439-\u0441\u0445\u0435\u043c\u0430-254x142.jpg 254w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00a0\u00a0 L&#039;osmium est un m\u00e9tal de transition appartenant au groupe des m\u00e9taux du platine dans le tableau p\u00e9riodique des \u00e9l\u00e9ments chimiques\u2026<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":761,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-759","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blagorodnye-metally"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.1.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041f\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u043c\u0438\u044f - \u0440\u0435\u0434\u0447\u0430\u0439\u0448\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043b\u0430 \u0438 \u0433\u0434\u0435 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u044e\u0442.\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Dimon@1873\"\/>\n\t<link rel=\"canonical\" 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