{"id":872,"date":"2019-04-20T13:59:44","date_gmt":"2019-04-20T10:59:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/metallsmaster.ru\/?p=872"},"modified":"2020-11-02T09:57:59","modified_gmt":"2020-11-02T06:57:59","slug":"rodij","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/metallsmaster.pro\/fr\/rodij\/","title":{"rendered":"Rhodium : de quel type de m\u00e9tal s&#039;agit-il, ses qualit\u00e9s, ses propri\u00e9t\u00e9s et ses caract\u00e9ristiques"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Le rhodium est une substance simple, un m\u00e9tal de transition solide, ce qui signifie que ses niveaux d&#039;\u00e9nergie \u00e9lectronique disponibles sont occup\u00e9s de telle sorte que la bande d poss\u00e8de le plus petit nombre d&#039;\u00e9lectrons possible, soit 10 par atome. De couleur blanc argent\u00e9, il appartient au groupe du platine, un m\u00e9tal noble.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-873 size-full aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/metallsmaster.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/\u0420\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0439-\u0441\u0445\u043c\u0430.jpg\" alt=\"Diagramme du rhodium\" width=\"343\" height=\"147\" srcset=\"https:\/\/metallsmaster.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/\u0420\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0439-\u0441\u0445\u043c\u0430.jpg 343w, https:\/\/metallsmaster.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/\u0420\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0439-\u0441\u0445\u043c\u0430-300x129.jpg 300w, https:\/\/metallsmaster.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/\u0420\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0439-\u0441\u0445\u043c\u0430-254x109.jpg 254w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 343px) 100vw, 343px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Le rhodium est un \u00e9l\u00e9ment mineur du huiti\u00e8me groupe de la cinqui\u00e8me p\u00e9riode du tableau de Mendele\u00efev. Ce m\u00e9tal a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9couvert relativement r\u00e9cemment, en 1803, par William Wollaston, dans une mine alors qu&#039;il exploitait du platine natif. Le rhodium est un \u00e9l\u00e9ment tr\u00e8s rare et dispers\u00e9\u00a0; son abondance est assez \u00e9lev\u00e9e dans les roches ign\u00e9es ultramafiques. Il n&#039;existe pas de min\u00e9ral terrestre distinct. On le trouve dans les sables aurif\u00e8res d&#039;Am\u00e9rique du Sud, ainsi que dans les minerais de platine et de nickel, qui y sont pr\u00e9sents sous forme de compos\u00e9 unique.<\/p>\n\n\t<!--<div class='top-banner-pages'>\t\n\n\t<\/div>--->\n\t\n<h2>Propri\u00e9t\u00e9s du rhodium<\/h2>\n<p>Le rhodium poss\u00e8de d&#039;excellentes propri\u00e9t\u00e9s pour un m\u00e9tal aux applications vari\u00e9es. Parmi ses propri\u00e9t\u00e9s physiques, il pr\u00e9sente une forte r\u00e9flectivit\u00e9 du rayonnement \u00e9lectromagn\u00e9tique visible, ce qui lui permet d&#039;\u00eatre utilis\u00e9 pour fabriquer des miroirs dits \u00ab de surface \u00bb. Sa densit\u00e9 est de 12,41 g\/cm\u00b3. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 sa forte densit\u00e9, il pr\u00e9sente un point de fusion \u00e9lev\u00e9 de 2239 K et un point d&#039;\u00e9bullition de 4000 K.<\/p>\n<p>Par ses propri\u00e9t\u00e9s chimiques, le rhodium, un m\u00e9tal noble, surpasse largement le platine. Le rhodium m\u00e9tallique se dissout dans l&#039;eau r\u00e9gale \u00e0 \u00e9bullition, dans l&#039;acide sulfurique concentr\u00e9 suffisamment chauff\u00e9 et dans un m\u00e9lange d&#039;acide sulfurique et de peroxyde d&#039;hydrog\u00e8ne. Le rhodium est chimiquement tr\u00e8s stable. Sa r\u00e9action avec les non-m\u00e9taux se produit \u00e0 la chaleur rouge. L&#039;oxydation lente du rhodium finement broy\u00e9 se produit \u00e0 des temp\u00e9ratures sup\u00e9rieures \u00e0 6\u00a0000 \u00b0C. La r\u00e9action avec l&#039;acide sulfurique concentr\u00e9 se produit par chauffage lent et avec une solution d&#039;hydrog\u00e8ne et d&#039;hypochlorite de sodium.<\/p>\n\n<!---<div class='top-banner-pages'>\n\n<\/div>-->\n\n\t\n<h3>Le rhodium m\u00e9tallique, ses propri\u00e9t\u00e9s, ses caract\u00e9ristiques et sa composition<\/h3>\n<p>Le rhodium m\u00e9tallique est un excellent catalyseur, par exemple dans les pots catalytiques des syst\u00e8mes d&#039;\u00e9chappement automobiles. Un alliage rhodium-platine est \u00e9galement un excellent catalyseur pour la production d&#039;acide nitrique par oxydation de l&#039;ammoniac avec l&#039;air.<\/p>\n<p>Le rhodium est un excellent mat\u00e9riau de structure, utilis\u00e9 avec succ\u00e8s dans la production de verre. L&#039;alliage platine-rhodium est notamment utilis\u00e9 comme fili\u00e8re pour les filaments de verre des \u00e9crans \u00e0 cristaux liquides. Le rhodium m\u00e9tallique sert \u00e0 produire des miroirs soumis \u00e0 des temp\u00e9ratures \u00e9lev\u00e9es pour les syst\u00e8mes laser de forte puissance. Les creusets en alliage platine-rhodium servent \u00e0 la fabrication de certaines pierres pr\u00e9cieuses et de cristaux \u00e9lectro-optiques. Sa grande r\u00e9sistance \u00e0 l&#039;\u00e9rosion \u00e9lectrique permet son utilisation comme mat\u00e9riau de contact (connecteurs, contacts glissants).<\/p>\n<p>Le rhodium joue un r\u00f4le essentiel dans l&#039;industrie nucl\u00e9aire, o\u00f9 il est utilis\u00e9 pour fabriquer des d\u00e9tecteurs mesurant le flux neutronique. Il est \u00e9galement tr\u00e8s esth\u00e9tique en joaillerie. Son \u00e9clat blanc froid s&#039;harmonise avec les diamants, les zircones cubiques et autres pierres pr\u00e9cieuses. Il est \u00e9galement un pr\u00e9cieux \u00e9l\u00e9ment d&#039;alliage, durcissant les alliages, r\u00e9duisant l&#039;usure et leur conf\u00e9rant un \u00e9clat brillant. L&#039;importance du rhodium est consid\u00e9rable dans de nombreux domaines.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Le rhodium est une substance simple, un m\u00e9tal de transition solide, ce qui signifie qu\u2019il poss\u00e8de une \u00e9nergie \u00e9lectronique accessible\u2026<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":874,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-872","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blagorodnye-metally"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.1.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0424\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u0445\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0440\u043e\u0434\u0438\u044f. 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