{"id":877,"date":"2019-04-20T14:25:58","date_gmt":"2019-04-20T11:25:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/metallsmaster.ru\/?p=877"},"modified":"2020-11-02T09:57:40","modified_gmt":"2020-11-02T06:57:40","slug":"renij","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/metallsmaster.pro\/fr\/renij\/","title":{"rendered":"Rh\u00e9nium, propri\u00e9t\u00e9s, caract\u00e9ristiques et propri\u00e9t\u00e9s du m\u00e9tal"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Le rh\u00e9nium est un m\u00e9tal de transition tr\u00e8s dense, d\u00e9sign\u00e9 \u00e9l\u00e9ment 75 du tableau p\u00e9riodique. Traduit en latin, il signifie \u00ab\u00a0rhenus\u00a0\u00bb, du nom du Rhin en Allemagne. Sa d\u00e9couverte est relativement r\u00e9cente\u00a0: 1925. Il a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9couvert par des chimistes allemands et, en 1928, du rh\u00e9nium pur a \u00e9t\u00e9 extrait de la molybd\u00e9nite norv\u00e9gienne. Ce r\u00e9sultat a \u00e9t\u00e9 obtenu en traitant 600\u00a0kg de cette roche. Tous les \u00e9l\u00e9ments chimiques ne poss\u00e8dent pas d\u2019isotope stable, mais le rh\u00e9nium en poss\u00e8de un, ce qui en fait le dernier \u00e9l\u00e9ment d\u00e9couvert \u00e0 en poss\u00e9der un. Les \u00e9l\u00e9ments d\u00e9couverts ult\u00e9rieurement n\u2019en poss\u00e8dent pas.<\/p>\n\n\t<!--<div class='top-banner-pages'>\t\n\n\t<\/div>--->\n\t\n<h2>Rh\u00e9nium m\u00e9tallique<\/h2>\n<p>Les concentr\u00e9s de sulfures de cuivre et de molybd\u00e8ne sont utilis\u00e9s pour obtenir ce m\u00e9tal\u00a0; ce sont les mati\u00e8res premi\u00e8res les plus importantes pour l&#039;obtention du rh\u00e9nium primaire. Leur teneur pond\u00e9rale peut atteindre environ 0,0051\u00a0TP3T. Les propri\u00e9t\u00e9s g\u00e9ochimiques de ce m\u00e9tal sont tr\u00e8s similaires \u00e0 celles du tungst\u00e8ne et du molybd\u00e8ne. L&#039;extraction du rh\u00e9nium est difficile et co\u00fbteuse. Un seul gisement rentable de rh\u00e9nium est connu au monde\u00a0: l&#039;\u00eele d&#039;Iturup, dans les \u00eeles Kouriles, o\u00f9 il se pr\u00e9sente sous la forme de rh\u00e9nite, une structure similaire \u00e0 la molybd\u00e9nite. La tarkianite, un min\u00e9ral contenant du rh\u00e9nium, a \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9couverte en Finlande.<\/p>\n<h3>Propri\u00e9t\u00e9s du rh\u00e9nium<\/h3>\n\n<!---<div class='top-banner-pages'>\n\n<\/div>-->\n\n\t\n<p>Le rh\u00e9nium est un m\u00e9tal tr\u00e8s dur, d&#039;une densit\u00e9 de 21,02 g\/cm\u00b3. Sa poudre est gris fonc\u00e9 ou noire. Une densit\u00e9 \u00e9lev\u00e9e exige un point de fusion tr\u00e8s \u00e9lev\u00e9\u00a0; le rh\u00e9nium a un point de fusion de 31\u00a0860\u00a0\u00b0C, inf\u00e9rieur \u00e0 celui du tungst\u00e8ne. Son point d&#039;\u00e9bullition, de 55\u00a0960\u00a0\u00b0C, est paramagn\u00e9tique. Il poss\u00e8de un r\u00e9seau cristallin hexagonal. Ces valeurs indiquent qu&#039;il s&#039;agit d&#039;un m\u00e9tal r\u00e9fractaire tr\u00e8s similaire au tungst\u00e8ne et au molybd\u00e8ne, ainsi qu&#039;aux m\u00e9taux du groupe du platine. Il est ductile \u00e0 temp\u00e9rature ambiante, mais apr\u00e8s traitement, sa duret\u00e9 augmente consid\u00e9rablement par \u00e9crouissage, gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 son module d&#039;\u00e9lasticit\u00e9 \u00e9lev\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>Les propri\u00e9t\u00e9s m\u00e9caniques du rh\u00e9nium lui permettent de supporter des chauffages et refroidissements r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9s sans perdre sa r\u00e9sistance. M\u00eame \u00e0 12\u00a0000 \u00b0C, sa r\u00e9sistance d\u00e9passe celle du tungst\u00e8ne. Un autre avantage du rh\u00e9nium par rapport au molybd\u00e8ne et au tungst\u00e8ne est sa r\u00e9sistivit\u00e9 \u00e9lectrique quatre fois sup\u00e9rieure.<\/p>\n<p>Les propri\u00e9t\u00e9s chimiques du rh\u00e9nium le rendent stable \u00e0 l&#039;air \u00e0 temp\u00e9rature ambiante. Au-dessus de 3\u00a0000 \u00b0C, l&#039;oxydation se produit et, \u00e0 6\u00a0000 \u00b0C, elle s&#039;intensifie. Parmi les m\u00e9taux du groupe du platine, il est plus r\u00e9sistant \u00e0 l&#039;oxydation et ne r\u00e9agit pas directement avec l&#039;azote et l&#039;hydrog\u00e8ne. Il r\u00e9agit avec des \u00e9l\u00e9ments tels que le brome, le chlore et le fluor uniquement sous l&#039;effet de la chaleur. Il r\u00e9agit faiblement avec l&#039;acide sulfurique, m\u00eame apr\u00e8s chauffage, mais se dissout facilement dans l&#039;acide nitrique.<\/p>\n<p>Parmi les m\u00e9taux r\u00e9fractaires, le rh\u00e9nium ne forme pas de carbures. Son excellente duret\u00e9, sa r\u00e9sistance et sa stabilit\u00e9 permettent son utilisation\u00a0:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>dans la cr\u00e9ation de pi\u00e8ces pour la technologie des fus\u00e9es et l&#039;aviation supersonique ;<\/li>\n<li>Les chambres de combustion, les aubes de turbine et les tuy\u00e8res d\u2019\u00e9chappement des moteurs \u00e0 r\u00e9action sont fabriqu\u00e9es en alliage de nickel\u00a0;<\/li>\n<li>moteurs \u00e0 turbine \u00e0 gaz contenant des m\u00e9taux nickel-rh\u00e9nium r\u00e9sistants \u00e0 la chaleur ;<\/li>\n<li>contacts \u00e9lectriques autonettoyants;<\/li>\n<li>dans la production de raffinage du p\u00e9trole.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Il est donc clair que les propri\u00e9t\u00e9s du rh\u00e9nium permettent d\u2019utiliser ce m\u00e9tal pr\u00e9cieux et ses alliages dans une grande vari\u00e9t\u00e9 d\u2019industries et qu\u2019il trouve de nouvelles formes d\u2019application.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-878 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/metallsmaster.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/\u0420\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439-\u0441\u0445\u0435\u043c\u0430.webp\" alt=\"Diagramme du rh\u00e9nium\" width=\"260\" height=\"194\" srcset=\"https:\/\/metallsmaster.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/\u0420\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439-\u0441\u0445\u0435\u043c\u0430.webp 260w, https:\/\/metallsmaster.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/\u0420\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439-\u0441\u0445\u0435\u043c\u0430-254x190.webp 254w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 260px) 100vw, 260px\" \/><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Le rh\u00e9nium est un m\u00e9tal de transition tr\u00e8s dense, d\u00e9sign\u00e9 dans le tableau p\u00e9riodique comme un \u00e9l\u00e9ment chimique\u2026<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":879,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-877","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blagorodnye-metally"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.1.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0421\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u0445\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043b\u0430. \u0413\u0434\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0442 \u0446\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043b.\" \/>\n\t<meta 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