{"id":883,"date":"2019-04-20T14:43:25","date_gmt":"2019-04-20T11:43:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/metallsmaster.ru\/?p=883"},"modified":"2020-11-02T09:57:11","modified_gmt":"2020-11-02T06:57:11","slug":"rutenij","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/metallsmaster.pro\/fr\/rutenij\/","title":{"rendered":"Ruth\u00e9nium"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Le ruth\u00e9nium est un m\u00e9tal de transition simple et argent\u00e9 appartenant au groupe du platine. Dans le tableau p\u00e9riodique, il est class\u00e9 comme \u00e9l\u00e9ment mineur du groupe 8 de la cinqui\u00e8me p\u00e9riode.<\/p>\n<p>En 1844, le professeur Karl Klaus d\u00e9couvrit ce m\u00e9tal. Il l&#039;isola \u00e0 l&#039;\u00e9tat pur du minerai de platine de l&#039;Oural et remarqua ses similitudes avec le rhodium, l&#039;iridium, le palladium, l&#039;osmium et le platine. Une m\u00e9thode d&#039;extraction du ruth\u00e9nium des d\u00e9chets de combustible nucl\u00e9aire est actuellement en cours de d\u00e9veloppement. Pour chaque tonne de plutonium, de thorium et d&#039;uranium, on trouve 250 grammes de ruth\u00e9nium.<\/p>\n\n\t<!--<div class='top-banner-pages'>\t\n\n\t<\/div>--->\n\t\n<h2>Propri\u00e9t\u00e9s du ruth\u00e9nium<\/h2>\n<p>Le ruth\u00e9nium s&#039;est impos\u00e9 comme un m\u00e9tal gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ses excellentes propri\u00e9t\u00e9s physiques et chimiques. Parmi ses propri\u00e9t\u00e9s physiques, on peut citer une masse volumique de 12,41 g\/cm\u00b3 et un point de fusion relativement \u00e9lev\u00e9 de 23\u00a0340 \u00b0C. Cependant, il est inf\u00e9rieur au rh\u00e9nium, au molybd\u00e8ne, \u00e0 l&#039;osmium, au tungst\u00e8ne, \u00e0 l&#039;iridium, au niobium et au tantale, et son point d&#039;\u00e9bullition est encore plus \u00e9lev\u00e9, \u00e0 40\u00a0770 \u00b0C. Ces propri\u00e9t\u00e9s indiquent que le ruth\u00e9nium est un m\u00e9tal tr\u00e8s dur.<\/p>\n<p>Chimiquement, le ruth\u00e9nium est un m\u00e9tal inerte, ce qui signifie qu&#039;il r\u00e9agit difficilement, voire pas du tout. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 sa forte densit\u00e9, il est tr\u00e8s r\u00e9sistant aux acides et insoluble dans l&#039;eau r\u00e9gale. Cependant, il r\u00e9agit avec le chlore \u00e0 4\u00a0000 \u00b0C et avec un m\u00e9lange d&#039;alcalis et de nitrates lors de la fusion. Le ruth\u00e9nium forme plusieurs compos\u00e9s organom\u00e9talliques, agissant comme catalyseur actif.<\/p>\n\n<!---<div class='top-banner-pages'>\n\n<\/div>-->\n\n\t\n<h3>Ruth\u00e9nium m\u00e9tallique<\/h3>\n<p>Le ruth\u00e9nium est un m\u00e9tal essentiel dans diverses industries, car ses propri\u00e9t\u00e9s physiques et chimiques lui permettent d&#039;interagir avec d&#039;autres m\u00e9taux. L&#039;ajout de seulement 0,11 TP3T de ruth\u00e9nium augmente la r\u00e9sistance \u00e0 la corrosion du titane. Excellent conducteur d&#039;\u00e9lectricit\u00e9, il est utilis\u00e9, associ\u00e9 au platine, pour \u00e9tablir des contacts \u00e9lectriques, mais seulement dans des circonstances tr\u00e8s sp\u00e9cifiques.<\/p>\n<p>Le ruth\u00e9nium m\u00e9tallique est un excellent acc\u00e9l\u00e9rateur ou catalyseur pour de nombreuses r\u00e9actions chimiques. Il est donc utilis\u00e9 avec succ\u00e8s dans les syst\u00e8mes de purification d&#039;eau des stations orbitales. Le ruth\u00e9nium rouge est une substance neutralisante pour la recherche sur les canaux ioniques. Une autre caract\u00e9ristique unique du ruth\u00e9nium est sa capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 lier l&#039;azote atmosph\u00e9rique \u00e0 200 \u00b0C.<\/p>\n<p>Le m\u00e9tal ruth\u00e9nium est tr\u00e8s populaire dans l&#039;industrie spatiale, car ses alliages sont utilis\u00e9s comme mat\u00e9riaux de structure r\u00e9sistants \u00e0 la chaleur et sa r\u00e9sistance surpasse les meilleurs alliages de tungst\u00e8ne et de molybd\u00e8ne.<\/p>\n<p>Dans l&#039;industrie de la bijouterie, le ruth\u00e9nium est utilis\u00e9 comme additif d&#039;alliage, conf\u00e9rant aux alliages de m\u00e9taux pr\u00e9cieux une r\u00e9sistance \u00e9lev\u00e9e. Il conf\u00e8re duret\u00e9, solidit\u00e9, r\u00e9sistance \u00e0 l&#039;usure et durabilit\u00e9. Sa fragilit\u00e9 rend impossible la fabrication de bijoux. En tant qu&#039;alliage m\u00e8re, il est comparable au platine et sup\u00e9rieur \u00e0 l&#039;or. Une fine couche de ruth\u00e9nium appliqu\u00e9e sur la surface m\u00e9tallique par galvanoplastie lui conf\u00e8re une durabilit\u00e9 et une r\u00e9sistance accrues. Une bague plaqu\u00e9e au ruth\u00e9nium est durable, r\u00e9sistante aux rayures, \u00e0 la d\u00e9formation et aux produits chimiques agressifs. Le ruth\u00e9nium joue donc un r\u00f4le essentiel dans diverses industries gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ses propri\u00e9t\u00e9s de haute technologie.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-884 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/metallsmaster.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/\u0420\u0443\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439-\u0441\u0445\u0435\u043c\u0430.jpg\" alt=\"Diagramme du ruth\u00e9nium\" width=\"259\" height=\"194\" srcset=\"https:\/\/metallsmaster.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/\u0420\u0443\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439-\u0441\u0445\u0435\u043c\u0430.jpg 259w, https:\/\/metallsmaster.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/\u0420\u0443\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439-\u0441\u0445\u0435\u043c\u0430-254x190.jpg 254w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 259px) 100vw, 259px\" \/><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Le ruth\u00e9nium est une substance simple qui est un m\u00e9tal de transition et appartient au groupe des m\u00e9taux du groupe du platine, de l&#039;argent\u2026<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":885,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-883","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blagorodnye-metally"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.1.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0421\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430, \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0440\u0443\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u0421 \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043e\u043d \u0432\u0437\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0442 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