{"id":889,"date":"2019-04-20T17:00:02","date_gmt":"2019-04-20T14:00:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/metallsmaster.ru\/?p=889"},"modified":"2020-11-02T09:56:36","modified_gmt":"2020-11-02T06:56:36","slug":"svarka-metalla-metody","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/metallsmaster.pro\/fr\/methodes-de-soudage-des-metaux\/","title":{"rendered":"Soudage des m\u00e9taux, m\u00e9thodes"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Le soudage consiste \u00e0 assembler deux m\u00e9taux diff\u00e9rents en les chauffant intens\u00e9ment, en les d\u00e9formant, puis en fusionnant les liaisons interatomiques, cr\u00e9ant ainsi un joint permanent. Actuellement, le soudage utilise de nombreuses m\u00e9thodes, une centaine au total. Les diff\u00e9rents types de soudage sont class\u00e9s selon leurs caract\u00e9ristiques physiques, techniques et technologiques.<\/p>\n<p>Les caract\u00e9ristiques physiques comprennent :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>soudage thermique des m\u00e9taux;<\/li>\n<li>thermom\u00e9canique;<\/li>\n<li>m\u00e9canique.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-890 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/metallsmaster.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/\u0421\u0432\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0430-\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043b\u0430-\u0441\u0445\u0435\u043c\u0430.webp\" alt=\"Sch\u00e9ma de soudage des m\u00e9taux\" width=\"275\" height=\"183\" srcset=\"https:\/\/metallsmaster.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/\u0421\u0432\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0430-\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043b\u0430-\u0441\u0445\u0435\u043c\u0430.webp 275w, https:\/\/metallsmaster.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/\u0421\u0432\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0430-\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043b\u0430-\u0441\u0445\u0435\u043c\u0430-254x169.webp 254w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 275px) 100vw, 275px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Le soudage thermique est un type de soudage utilisant l&#039;\u00e9nergie thermique. Parmi ces techniques, on trouve le soudage au gaz, le soudage \u00e0 l&#039;arc, le soudage plasma, etc.<\/p>\n<p>Le soudage thermom\u00e9canique fait r\u00e9f\u00e9rence \u00e0 un type de soudage qui utilise l\u2019\u00e9nergie thermique et la pression.<\/p>\n\n\t<!--<div class='top-banner-pages'>\t\n\n\t<\/div>--->\n\t\n<p>Tout proc\u00e9d\u00e9 utilisant l&#039;\u00e9nergie m\u00e9canique est appel\u00e9 m\u00e9canosoudage. On peut citer comme exemples le soudage \u00e0 froid, le soudage par explosion, le soudage par friction et le soudage par ultrasons.<\/p>\n<p>Selon leurs caract\u00e9ristiques techniques, il existe des types de soudure :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>par la m\u00e9thode de protection du m\u00e9tal dans la zone de soudage (sous vide, sous air, sous mousse, sous flux, sous gaz protecteur) ;<\/li>\n<li>par la dur\u00e9e du processus (intermittente et continue) ;<\/li>\n<li>par degr\u00e9 de m\u00e9canisation (m\u00e9canis\u00e9, automatis\u00e9, automatique, manuel) ;<\/li>\n<li>gaz protecteur (dans les gaz inertes et dans les gaz actifs) ;<\/li>\n<li>la nature de la protection du m\u00e9tal dans la zone de soudage (en atmosph\u00e8re contr\u00f4l\u00e9e ou avec protection contre les jets).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Soudage des m\u00e9taux, m\u00e9thodes<\/h2>\n\n<!---<div class='top-banner-pages'>\n\n<\/div>-->\n\n\t\n<p>Selon les caract\u00e9ristiques technologiques, il est \u00e9tabli pour chaque type s\u00e9par\u00e9ment, car leurs modes de fonctionnement diff\u00e8rent.<br \/>\nSoudage \u00e0 l&#039;arc. Il s&#039;agit de faire fondre les bords m\u00e9talliques \u00e0 l&#039;aide d&#039;un arc \u00e9lectrique, ce qui cr\u00e9e une chaleur intense et fait fondre le m\u00e9tal.<\/p>\n<p>Il existe plusieurs types de soudure :<\/p>\n<p>1) Arc manuel.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Le soudage \u00e0 l&#039;\u00e9lectrode consommable est une m\u00e9thode de soudage classique o\u00f9 l&#039;\u00e9lectrode fond et le bord de la pi\u00e8ce forme un bain de m\u00e9tal en fusion. Une fois refroidi, une soudure se forme.<\/li>\n<li>Une \u00e9lectrode non consommable, en carbone ou en graphite, cr\u00e9e un arc entre la pi\u00e8ce et le m\u00e9tal d&#039;apport, cr\u00e9ant ainsi une nappe de m\u00e9tal liquide qui se solidifie ensuite. Elle est utilis\u00e9e pour le soudage des m\u00e9taux non ferreux.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>2) Soudage \u00e0 l&#039;arc submerg\u00e9 semi-automatique et automatique.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>L&#039;arc est aliment\u00e9 puis d\u00e9plac\u00e9 le long du contour sp\u00e9cifi\u00e9 des bords \u00e0 souder. Le flux prot\u00e8ge la soudure de l&#039;exposition \u00e0 l&#039;oxyg\u00e8ne externe. La qualit\u00e9 de soudure est excellente.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>3) Soudage \u00e0 l&#039;arc, lorsque le m\u00e9tal est dans un gaz protecteur.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Le soudage est r\u00e9alis\u00e9 avec une \u00e9lectrode non fusible (tungst\u00e8ne) ou une \u00e9lectrode fusible. Dans ce cas, l&#039;\u00e9lectrode fond et une soudure se forme\u00a0; dans le soudage non fusible, la soudure \u00e9merge du m\u00e9tal en fusion de la pi\u00e8ce\u00a0; parfois, un mat\u00e9riau d&#039;apport est ajout\u00e9. Un puissant jet de gaz de protection chasse l&#039;air atmosph\u00e9rique, prot\u00e9geant ainsi de l&#039;oxydation.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>4) Soudage sous laitier \u00e9lectroconducteur.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>est r\u00e9alis\u00e9e par fusion du m\u00e9tal des bords soud\u00e9s du produit.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Les m\u00e9taux r\u00e9fractaires et chimiquement actifs, ainsi que leurs alliages, sont de plus en plus utilis\u00e9s dans l&#039;industrie. Leur assemblage n\u00e9cessite de nouveaux types de soudage des m\u00e9taux, m\u00e9thodes qui ont permis d&#039;y parvenir avec succ\u00e8s. Pour y parvenir, des techniques de soudage ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9velopp\u00e9es, garantissant des soudures d&#039;une qualit\u00e9 exceptionnelle et utilisant des sources de chaleur hautement concentr\u00e9es.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Le soudage implique le processus d\u2019assemblage de deux m\u00e9taux diff\u00e9rents, ce qui implique un chauffage intense, une d\u00e9formation,\u2026<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":891,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-889","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-svarka-metallov"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.1.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0412\u0438\u0434\u044b \u0441\u0432\u0430\u0440\u043e\u043a \u043f\u043e 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