{"id":60,"date":"2017-12-26T08:30:33","date_gmt":"2017-12-26T05:30:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/metallsmaster.ru\/?p=60"},"modified":"2020-11-02T12:12:50","modified_gmt":"2020-11-02T09:12:50","slug":"chugun","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/metallsmaster.pro\/it\/ghisa-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Ghisa: propriet\u00e0, marcatura e designazione della ghisa"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Ghisa<\/strong> \u2013 Si tratta di leghe ferro-carbonio. La percentuale di carbonio (C) in tale materiale \u00e8 almeno 2%. La percentuale massima di carbonio di solito non supera 6,67%. In alcuni casi, con un aumento del contenuto di impurit\u00e0 nella lega, la percentuale di carbonio diminuisce, nel qual caso il materiale \u00e8 designato come <strong>\u00a0ghisa<\/strong>, ma con alcune modifiche. Le leghe ad alto contenuto di cromo, alluminio e silicio ne sono un esempio lampante.<\/p>\n<h2>Propriet\u00e0 della ghisa<\/h2>\n<p>Principale <strong>propriet\u00e0 della ghisa<\/strong> \u2013 si tratta di buone qualit\u00e0 di fusione, fragilit\u00e0 (significativamente superiore a quella degli acciai) e durezza. <strong>Propriet\u00e0 della ghisa<\/strong> pu\u00f2 variare a seconda dei suoi componenti. La ghisa contiene i seguenti elementi:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Si \u2013 il silicio, nella composizione inferiore a 4,3%, \u00e8 il secondo elemento pi\u00f9 importante dopo il carbonio, conferisce morbidezza al materiale e ne migliora la fluidit\u00e0, aumentando cos\u00ec le propriet\u00e0 di fusione;<\/li>\n<li>Mn - manganese, nella composizione delle leghe non superiore a 2%, contribuisce ad aumentare la resistenza del metallo;<\/li>\n<li>S \u2013 zolfo, contenuto inferiore a 0,7%, provoca \u201cfragilit\u00e0 rossa\u201d, peggiora la fluidit\u00e0 della lega e le sue caratteristiche di fusione;<\/li>\n<li>P \u2013 fosforo, contenuto inferiore a 1,2%, provoca \u201cfragilit\u00e0 a freddo\u201d, che si manifesta sotto forma di crepe durante il raffreddamento dei getti, il componente peggiora le propriet\u00e0 meccaniche della lega;<\/li>\n<li>C \u2013 carbonio, il componente principale della ghisa, che le conferisce le sue qualit\u00e0 di base; a seconda del contenuto, del tipo e della forma di questo componente, la ghisa viene suddivisa in gradi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\n\t<!--<div class='top-banner-pages'>\t\n\n\t<\/div>--->\n\t<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Ghisa\u00a0<\/strong>presenta alcune delle seguenti propriet\u00e0 meccaniche, elencate nella tabella. Altri parametri (punto di fusione, densit\u00e0, allungamento relativo, viscosit\u00e0 e durezza) variano significativamente per ogni singolo grado di lega.<\/p>\n<h3>Gradi di ghisa<\/h3>\n<p>Esistono alcuni tipi diversi, che a loro volta si sono sviluppati separatamente <strong>gradi di ghisa<\/strong>, che sono riportati nella tabella.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/metallsmaster.pro\/it\/ghisa-3\/\">Ferro da fonderia<\/a>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>L1, L2, L3, L4, L5,<\/li>\n<li>L6, LR1, LR2, LR3, LR4,<\/li>\n<li>LR5, LR6, LR7.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/metallsmaster.pro\/it\/ghisa\/\">Ghisa<\/a>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>P1, P2, PVC1, PVC2, PVC3,<\/li>\n<li>PL1, PL2, PF1, PF2, PF3.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Ghisa grigia:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>SCh10, SCh15, SCh20, SCh25, SCh30,<\/li>\n<li>SCH35.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/metallsmaster.pro\/it\/forgiatura-della-ghisa\/\">ghisa malleabile<\/a>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>KCAm30-6, KCAm33-8, KCAm35-10, KCAm37-12, KCAm45-7,<\/li>\n<li>KCh50-5, KCh55-4, KCh60-3, KCh65-3, KCh70-2, KCh80-1.5.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/metallsmaster.pro\/it\/ghisa-debolmente-legata\/\">Ghisa debolmente legata<\/a>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>CHN2X, CHN3KHMDSH, CHNMSH, CHNKHMD, CHNKHMDSH,<\/li>\n<li>CapNHT, Cap5, Cap5Sh, CapH1, CapH2,<\/li>\n<li>\u0427\u04253, \u0427\u04253\u0422, \u0427\u042e\u0425\u0428.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/metallsmaster.pro\/it\/ghisa-altolegata\/\">Ghisa altolegata<\/a>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>ChG6S3Sh, ChG7X4, ChG8D3, ChN11G7Sh, ChN15D3Sh,<\/li>\n<li>ChN15D7, ChN19H3Sh, ChN20D2Sh, ChN4H2, ChS13,<\/li>\n<li>ChS15, ChS15M4, ChS17, ChS17M3, ChH16,<\/li>\n<li>ChH16M2, ChH22, ChH22S, ChH28, ChH28D2,<\/li>\n<li>ChH28P, ChH32, ChH9N5, ChYu22Sh, ChYu30,<\/li>\n<li>\u0427\u042e6\u04215, \u0427\u042e7\u04252.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/metallsmaster.pro\/it\/ghisa-antifrizione\/\">Ghisa antifrizione<\/a>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>AChV-1, AChV-2, AChK-1, AChK-2, AChS-1,<\/li>\n<li>ASF-2, ASF-3, ASF-4, ASF-5, ASF-6.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Ghisa ad alto contenuto di nichel:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>L-Ni35, L-NiCr20-2, L-NiCr20-3, L-NiCr30-3, L-NiCuCr15-6-2,<\/li>\n<li>L-NiCuCr15-6-3, L-NiMn13-7, L-NiSiCr20-5-3, L-NiSiCr30-5-5, S-Ni22,<\/li>\n<li>S-Ni35, S-NiCr20-2, S-NiCr20-3, S-NiCr30-1, S-NiCr30-3,<\/li>\n<li>S-NiCr35-3, S-NiMn13-7, S-NiMn23-4, S-NiSiCr20-5-2, S-NiSiCr30-5-5.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/metallsmaster.pro\/it\/ghisa-nodulare\/\">Ghisa nodulare<\/a>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>HF100, HF35, HF40, HF45, HF50,<\/li>\n<li>HF60, HF70, HF80.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Ghisa con <a href=\"https:\/\/metallsmaster.pro\/it\/ghisa-a-grafite-vermicolare\/\">grafite vermicolare<\/a> per i getti:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>CapVG30, CapVG35, CapVG40, CapVG45.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>Designazione del grado di ghisa<\/h4>\n<p><strong>Designazione del grado di ghisa <\/strong>Esistono diverse regole consolidate per la designazione GOST. Queste includono una designazione con lettere che indica la natura o lo scopo principale del metallo: KCh \u2013 malleabile, VCh \u2013 ad alta resistenza, SCh \u2013 grigia, P \u2013 ghisa, L \u2013 fonderia. Sono accettate anche le seguenti designazioni di base per la ghisa:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>PL1, PL2 \u2013 conversione per getti;<\/li>\n<li>P1, P2 \u2013 conversione;<\/li>\n<li>PVK1, PVK2, PVK3 \u2013 conversione di alta qualit\u00e0;<\/li>\n<li>PF1, PF2, PF3 \u2013 acciaio al fosforo;<\/li>\n<li>\u0421\u0427 \u2013 con grafite lamellare (\u00e8 importante sapere che la designazione digitale che segue le lettere indica il valore della resistenza alla trazione, misurata in kgf\/mm);<\/li>\n<li>\u0410\u0427 \u2013 antifrizione;<\/li>\n<li>AChS \u2013 ghisa grigia antifrizione;<\/li>\n<li>ACHV \u2013 antifrizione ad alta resistenza;<\/li>\n<li>HF \u2013 con grafite sferoidale (la designazione digitale dopo la designazione in lettere indica la resistenza alla trazione);<\/li>\n<li>Ch \u2013 ghisa legata, caratterizzata da propriet\u00e0 speciali.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-53 size-full aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/metallsmaster.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/chugun.webp\" alt=\"ghisa\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https:\/\/metallsmaster.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/chugun.webp 800w, https:\/\/metallsmaster.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/chugun-300x200.webp 300w, https:\/\/metallsmaster.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/chugun-768x512.webp 768w, https:\/\/metallsmaster.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/chugun-254x169.webp 254w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>La ghisa \u00e8 una lega ferro-carbonio. La percentuale di carbonio (C) in questo materiale \u00e8 almeno\u2026<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":53,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-60","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-metalls"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.1.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0427\u0443\u0433\u0443\u043d, \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432 \u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432 \u043c\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438, \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e \u0413\u041e\u0421\u0422\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" 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