{"id":620,"date":"2019-02-28T12:05:00","date_gmt":"2019-02-28T09:05:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/metallsmaster.ru\/?p=620"},"modified":"2020-11-02T11:36:12","modified_gmt":"2020-11-02T08:36:12","slug":"vakuumnaya-svarka","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/metallsmaster.pro\/it\/saldatura-sotto-vuoto\/","title":{"rendered":"Saldatura sotto vuoto"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Il processo di saldatura produce giunti resistenti e permanenti formati dai legami interatomici dei metalli da saldare. Grande importanza \u00e8 attribuita a diverse tecniche di saldatura avanzate. Un tipo di saldatura di questo tipo \u00e8 <strong>saldatura sotto vuoto, <\/strong>Fornisce calore al componente. Questo ne consente l&#039;utilizzo per unire componenti critici di dispositivi e strumenti di misura.<\/p>\n<p>Esistono due tipi di saldatura: la saldatura per fusione e la saldatura a pressione. In quest&#039;ultima, la camera di saldatura viene ventilata e riempita con il gas necessario per creare la propria atmosfera. Tipicamente si utilizza l&#039;argon, ma vengono utilizzati anche elio, azoto e miscele dei due. L&#039;argon viene pompato ad alta pressione, fino a 1 atm.<\/p>\n\n\t<!--<div class='top-banner-pages'>\t\n\n\t<\/div>--->\n\t\n<p>La saldatura viene effettuata in un vuoto ad alta pressione 10<sup>-3<\/sup>-10<sup>-4<\/sup>Pa. Tuttavia, l&#039;azoto non viene utilizzato per la saldatura dell&#039;acciaio, poich\u00e9 i nitruri di ferro e cromo che si formano ad alte temperature rendono la saldatura porosa e irregolare. Gli elettrodi speciali selezionati devono garantire la qualit\u00e0 della saldatura: deve essere duttile, resistente alle cricche, densa e avere scorie facilmente separabili dalla saldatura.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Saldatura sotto vuoto <\/strong>La fusione viene effettuata utilizzando un metodo a fascio di elettroni, utilizzando una speciale configurazione a camera a vuoto, vari dispositivi per la manipolazione dei pezzi, un sistema ottico-elettronico e un sistema di pompaggio. Questa configurazione esegue la saldatura assiale circolare e la saldatura lineare a una pressione di 5 x 10<sup>-1<\/sup>-5*10<sup>-3<\/sup>Pap\u00e0 <strong>Saldatura sotto vuoto <\/strong>Questo metodo \u00e8 ampiamente utilizzato nella produzione di sistemi missilistici e spaziali, sistemi di propulsione e microelettronica.<\/p>\n\n<!---<div class='top-banner-pages'>\n\n<\/div>-->\n\n\t\n<p>\u00c8 molto efficace anche per la saldatura di leghe refrattarie, metalli chimicamente attivi e prodotti in acciaio. <strong>Saldatura sotto vuoto <\/strong>la saldatura a pressione \u00e8 una saldatura a diffusione termica eseguita sotto una pressione di vuoto di 10<sup>-3<\/sup>10<sup>-2<\/sup>Pa. Nella saldatura di metalli dissimili, la temperatura di riscaldamento \u00e8 determinata dal metallo refrattario o dalla lega. Per la giunzione di materiali difficili da saldare, viene utilizzato un distanziatore intermedio. Questa configurazione consiste in un sistema di vuoto, un sistema che crea la pressione necessaria per il funzionamento, l&#039;automazione e un azionamento elettrico. I vantaggi di questo tipo di saldatura:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>non \u00e8 necessario utilizzare saldature, flussi, elettrodi o ambiente protettivo;<\/li>\n<li>la parte non si deforma;<\/li>\n<li>nella zona di connessione le propriet\u00e0 del metallo non cambiano;<\/li>\n<li>ottenere strutture di varie forme;<\/li>\n<li>mantenendo la precisione della forma del prodotto;<\/li>\n<li>un&#039;ampia gamma di spessori delle parti da saldare.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Non molto tempo fa, la Scuola Tecnica Superiore di Mosca \u2013 Istituto di Ingegneria Energetica di Mosca ha sviluppato un metodo <strong>saldatura sotto vuoto <\/strong>Un elettrodo consumabile, interessante perch\u00e9 l&#039;arco brucia nel vapore metallico. Questo metodo \u00e8 molto pratico per unire leghe non ferrose a pareti spesse. \u00c8 un metodo piuttosto produttivo e la qualit\u00e0 della giunzione \u00e8 molto elevata, poich\u00e9 il riscaldamento \u00e8 molto concentrato. Pertanto, grazie alla tecnologia avanzata, <strong>saldatura sotto vuoto <\/strong>consente di ottenere buoni risultati nella giunzione solida e affidabile dei materiali.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-621 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/metallsmaster.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/\u0412\u0430\u043a\u0443\u0443\u043c\u043d\u0430\u044f-\u0441\u0432\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0430-\u0441\u0445\u0435\u043c\u0430.webp\" alt=\"Schema di saldatura sotto vuoto\" width=\"456\" height=\"325\" srcset=\"https:\/\/metallsmaster.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/\u0412\u0430\u043a\u0443\u0443\u043c\u043d\u0430\u044f-\u0441\u0432\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0430-\u0441\u0445\u0435\u043c\u0430.webp 456w, https:\/\/metallsmaster.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/\u0412\u0430\u043a\u0443\u0443\u043c\u043d\u0430\u044f-\u0441\u0432\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0430-\u0441\u0445\u0435\u043c\u0430-300x214.webp 300w, https:\/\/metallsmaster.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/\u0412\u0430\u043a\u0443\u0443\u043c\u043d\u0430\u044f-\u0441\u0432\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0430-\u0441\u0445\u0435\u043c\u0430-254x181.webp 254w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 456px) 100vw, 456px\" \/><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Il processo di saldatura produce infine giunzioni resistenti e permanenti formate dai legami interatomici dei metalli saldati.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":621,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-620","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-svarka-metallov"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.1.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0412\u0430\u043a\u0443\u0443\u043c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0432\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0430, 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