{"id":877,"date":"2019-04-20T14:25:58","date_gmt":"2019-04-20T11:25:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/metallsmaster.ru\/?p=877"},"modified":"2020-11-02T09:57:40","modified_gmt":"2020-11-02T06:57:40","slug":"renij","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/metallsmaster.pro\/it\/renij\/","title":{"rendered":"Renio, propriet\u00e0, caratteristiche e peculiarit\u00e0 del metallo"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Il renio \u00e8 un metallo di transizione molto denso, indicato come elemento 75 nella tavola periodica. Tradotto in latino, significa &quot;rhenus&quot;, il nome del fiume Reno in Germania. La scoperta del renio \u00e8 relativamente recente: risale al 1925. Fu scoperto da chimici tedeschi e nel 1928 il renio puro fu estratto dalla molibdenite norvegese. Questo risultato fu ottenuto lavorando 600 kg di questa roccia. Non tutti gli elementi chimici hanno un isotopo stabile, ma il renio s\u00ec, rendendolo l&#039;ultimo elemento scoperto ad averne uno. Gli elementi scoperti successivamente non hanno isotopi stabili.<\/p>\n\n\t<!--<div class='top-banner-pages'>\t\n\n\t<\/div>--->\n\t\n<h2>Renio metallico<\/h2>\n<p>Per ottenere il metallo si utilizzano concentrati di solfuro di rame e molibdeno; sono le materie prime pi\u00f9 importanti per ottenere il renio primario. Il loro contenuto approssimativo pu\u00f2 essere di 0,0051 TP3T in peso. Le propriet\u00e0 geochimiche di questo metallo sono molto simili a quelle del tungsteno e del molibdeno. L&#039;estrazione del renio \u00e8 difficile e costosa. Al mondo si conosce un solo giacimento di renio redditizio: l&#039;isola di Iturup nelle Isole Curili, dove si trova sotto forma di renite, un minerale con una struttura simile alla molibdenite. Anche il minerale tarkianite, che contiene renio, \u00e8 stato scoperto in Finlandia.<\/p>\n<h3>Propriet\u00e0 del renio<\/h3>\n\n<!---<div class='top-banner-pages'>\n\n<\/div>-->\n\n\t\n<p>Il renio \u00e8 un metallo molto duro, con una densit\u00e0 di 21,02 g\/cm\u00b3. La sua polvere \u00e8 grigio scuro o nera. Un&#039;elevata densit\u00e0 richiede un punto di fusione molto alto; il renio ha un punto di fusione di 31.860 \u00b0C, inferiore a quello del tungsteno. Il suo punto di ebollizione, 55.960 \u00b0C, \u00e8 paramagnetico. Ha un reticolo cristallino esagonale. Questi valori indicano che \u00e8 un metallo refrattario ed \u00e8 molto simile al tungsteno e al molibdeno, cos\u00ec come ai metalli del gruppo del platino. \u00c8 duttile a temperatura ambiente, ma dopo la lavorazione, la durezza del metallo aumenta significativamente a causa dell&#039;incrudimento, dovuto al suo elevato modulo di elasticit\u00e0.<\/p>\n<p>Le propriet\u00e0 meccaniche del renio gli consentono di resistere a ripetuti riscaldamenti e raffreddamenti senza perdere la sua resistenza. Anche a temperature di 12.000 \u00b0C, la sua resistenza supera quella del tungsteno. Un altro vantaggio del renio rispetto al molibdeno e al tungsteno \u00e8 che la sua resistivit\u00e0 elettrica \u00e8 quattro volte superiore.<\/p>\n<p>Le propriet\u00e0 chimiche del renio lo rendono stabile nell&#039;aria a temperatura ambiente. A temperature superiori a 3000 \u00b0C si verifica ossidazione, mentre a 6000 \u00b0C diventa pi\u00f9 intensa. Tra i metalli del gruppo del platino, \u00e8 pi\u00f9 resistente all&#039;ossidazione e non reagisce direttamente con azoto e idrogeno. Reagisce con elementi come bromo, cloro e fluoro solo per riscaldamento. Reagisce debolmente con l&#039;acido solforico, anche dopo riscaldamento, ma si dissolve facilmente nell&#039;acido nitrico.<\/p>\n<p>Tra i metalli refrattari, il renio non forma carburi. La sua eccellente durezza, resistenza e stabilit\u00e0 ne consentono l&#039;impiego:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>nella creazione di componenti per la tecnologia missilistica e l&#039;aviazione supersonica;<\/li>\n<li>Le camere di combustione, le pale delle turbine e gli ugelli di scarico dei motori a reazione sono realizzati in lega di nichel;<\/li>\n<li>motori a turbina a gas contenenti metalli di nichel-renio resistenti al calore;<\/li>\n<li>contatti elettrici autopulenti;<\/li>\n<li>nella produzione di raffinazione del petrolio.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u00c8 quindi chiaro che le propriet\u00e0 del renio consentono a questo prezioso metallo e alle sue leghe di essere utilizzati in un&#039;ampia gamma di settori industriali e di trovare nuove forme di applicazione.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-878 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/metallsmaster.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/\u0420\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439-\u0441\u0445\u0435\u043c\u0430.webp\" 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