{"id":570,"date":"2019-02-07T21:50:36","date_gmt":"2019-02-07T18:50:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/metallsmaster.ru\/?p=570"},"modified":"2020-11-02T11:41:08","modified_gmt":"2020-11-02T08:41:08","slug":"legirovannaya-stal","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/metallsmaster.pro\/pt\/liga-de-aco\/","title":{"rendered":"Liga de a\u00e7o"},"content":{"rendered":"<blockquote><p><strong>Liga de a\u00e7o<\/strong> \u2014 \u00e9 um a\u00e7o que inclui v\u00e1rios elementos de liga que conferem ao a\u00e7o as propriedades mec\u00e2nicas e f\u00edsicas necess\u00e1rias.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Esses elementos tamb\u00e9m aumentam significativamente a resist\u00eancia \u00e0 corros\u00e3o, a resist\u00eancia \u00e0 fragilidade e aumentam a resist\u00eancia.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Elementos de liga de a\u00e7o<\/strong>\u00a0 pode ser colocado na seguinte lista:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>azoto;<\/li>\n<li>cobre;<\/li>\n<li>n\u00edquel;<\/li>\n<li>cromo;<\/li>\n<li>van\u00e1dio.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\t<!--<div class='top-banner-pages'>\t\n\n\t<\/div>--->\n\t\n<p>Estes s\u00e3o aditivos cl\u00e1ssicos amplamente utilizados na produ\u00e7\u00e3o. O a\u00e7o-liga \u00e9 dividido em tr\u00eas classes principais:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>baixa liga;<\/li>\n<li>alta liga;<\/li>\n<li>liga m\u00e9dia.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Os a\u00e7os ligados s\u00e3o classificados com base na porcentagem de elementos de liga. Cada um desses tipos de a\u00e7o \u00e9 produzido por metalurgia, mas, em alguns casos, a liga pode ser realizada apenas em uma superf\u00edcie espec\u00edfica para conferir as propriedades de resist\u00eancia necess\u00e1rias aos produtos e componentes. O a\u00e7o ligado adquire suas propriedades em v\u00e1rios est\u00e1gios da produ\u00e7\u00e3o do metal, \u00e0 medida que elementos de liga s\u00e3o adicionados. O a\u00e7o ligado pode incluir um ou mais elementos de liga, que aumentam a resist\u00eancia estrutural da liga. O a\u00e7o ligado \u00e9 produzido em v\u00e1rios tipos principais:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>instrumental;<\/li>\n<li>estrutural;<\/li>\n<li>a\u00e7o com propriedades qu\u00edmicas e f\u00edsicas especiais.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Marca\u00e7\u00e3o de a\u00e7os ligados<\/h2>\n\n<!---<div class='top-banner-pages'>\n\n<\/div>-->\n\n\t\n<p>Os a\u00e7os ligados s\u00e3o marcados com letras que indicam o elemento de liga contido na liga e n\u00fameros que indicam a porcentagem m\u00e9dia desse elemento. Os n\u00fameros no in\u00edcio do nome da classe indicam o teor de carbono do material. Dois n\u00fameros indicam cent\u00e9simos de um por cento; um n\u00famero indica d\u00e9cimos. <strong>Marca\u00e7\u00e3o de a\u00e7os ligados<\/strong> pode ter designa\u00e7\u00f5es adicionais. Por exemplo, as seguintes designa\u00e7\u00f5es comuns est\u00e3o presentes:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>P \u2014 alta velocidade;<\/li>\n<li>\u0428 \u2013 rolamento de esferas;<\/li>\n<li>A - autom\u00e1tico;<\/li>\n<li>L - obtido por fundi\u00e7\u00e3o;<\/li>\n<li>E \u2014 engenharia el\u00e9trica.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>O teor de nitrog\u00eanio \u00e9 indicado pela letra A no meio da classifica\u00e7\u00e3o. Dois As (AA) indicam a composi\u00e7\u00e3o do a\u00e7o ultrapuro e aparecem no final. A\u00e7o de alta qualidade termina com a letra \u0428. Exemplos de marca\u00e7\u00f5es de a\u00e7o-liga:<\/p>\n<p>18\u0425\u0413\u0422 significa:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>0,18% C;<\/li>\n<li>1% Cr;<\/li>\n<li>1% Mn;<\/li>\n<li>0,1% Ti.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>O a\u00e7o 30KhGSA cont\u00e9m:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>0,30%C;<\/li>\n<li>0,8-1,1% Cr;<\/li>\n<li>0,9-1,2% Mn;<\/li>\n<li>0,8-1,25% Si.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Finalidade dos a\u00e7os ligados<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Finalidade dos a\u00e7os ligados<\/strong> A gama de a\u00e7os-liga \u00e9 muito diversificada, pois, com os aditivos de liga adequados, este a\u00e7o \u00e9 capaz de suportar uma ampla gama de cargas, ao contr\u00e1rio do a\u00e7o padr\u00e3o. A maioria das propriedades pode ser ajustada adicionando os elementos de liga apropriados. A principal finalidade dos a\u00e7os-liga \u00e9 a fabrica\u00e7\u00e3o de instrumentos cir\u00fargicos, equipamentos de joalheria, diversas estruturas met\u00e1licas, refor\u00e7o de constru\u00e7\u00e3o, m\u00e1quinas industriais e mecanismos sujeitos a cargas pesadas. A\u00e7os-liga para ferramentas s\u00e3o usados na fabrica\u00e7\u00e3o de componentes que operam sob alta press\u00e3o, bem como na fabrica\u00e7\u00e3o de engrenagens mestras, rolos complexos, se\u00e7\u00f5es de matrizes de forjamento, etc. Outros graus s\u00e3o usados para componentes que exigem maior resist\u00eancia ao desgaste, boa resist\u00eancia \u00e0 flex\u00e3o, resist\u00eancia \u00e0 carga de contato e a excelente elasticidade necess\u00e1ria.<\/p>\n<h4>Tipos de a\u00e7o-liga<\/h4>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-572 alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/metallsmaster.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/\u0412\u0438\u0434\u044b-\u043b\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439-\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438.webp\" alt=\"Tipos de a\u00e7o-liga\" width=\"997\" height=\"573\" srcset=\"https:\/\/metallsmaster.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/\u0412\u0438\u0434\u044b-\u043b\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439-\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438.webp 997w, https:\/\/metallsmaster.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/\u0412\u0438\u0434\u044b-\u043b\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439-\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438-300x172.webp 300w, https:\/\/metallsmaster.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/\u0412\u0438\u0434\u044b-\u043b\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439-\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438-768x441.webp 768w, https:\/\/metallsmaster.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/\u0412\u0438\u0434\u044b-\u043b\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439-\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438-254x146.webp 254w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 997px) 100vw, 997px\" \/>Os tipos de a\u00e7o-liga s\u00e3o diferenciados com base na porcentagem de elementos de liga presentes na liga. S\u00e3o classificados da seguinte forma:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>baixa liga e cont\u00e9m at\u00e9 2,5% elementos de liga;<\/li>\n<li>de liga m\u00e9dia, com 2,5 a 10% de elementos de liga;<\/li>\n<li>Os de alta liga t\u00eam 10 - 50% desses elementos.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<blockquote><p><strong>Tipos de a\u00e7o-liga <\/strong>Elas variam. S\u00e3o classificadas com base na porcentagem de componentes de alto desempenho, como zirc\u00f4nio, van\u00e1dio, t\u00e2ntalo e outros elementos qu\u00edmicos, como carbono, bem como em especifica\u00e7\u00f5es estruturais:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>ledeburita \u2013 presen\u00e7a de carbonetos prim\u00e1rios;<\/li>\n<li>eutet\u00f3ide \u2013 a estrutura met\u00e1lica \u00e9 perl\u00edtica;<\/li>\n<li>hipereutet\u00f3ide \u2013 presen\u00e7a de carbonetos secund\u00e1rios;<\/li>\n<li>hipoeutet\u00f3ide \u2013 h\u00e1 excesso de ferrita.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>Dependendo do grau de uso e finalidade, os a\u00e7os s\u00e3o classificados como: estruturais, para ferramentas e com propriedades especiais.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Tipos de a\u00e7o-liga<\/strong> Estes tamb\u00e9m incluem a\u00e7os inoxid\u00e1veis, que apresentam excelente resist\u00eancia \u00e0 corros\u00e3o qu\u00edmica e eletroqu\u00edmica. A\u00e7os especiais resistentes ao calor oferecem boa resist\u00eancia \u00e0 degrada\u00e7\u00e3o qu\u00edmica em ambiente gasoso a temperaturas acima de 500 \u00b0C, mas operam sob carga leve ou sem carga. A\u00e7os resistentes ao calor operam sob cargas pesadas por um per\u00edodo consider\u00e1vel, mantendo resist\u00eancia ao calor suficiente. Os tipos de a\u00e7o estrutural ligado incluem:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>alta qualidade;<\/li>\n<li>alta qualidade;<\/li>\n<li>qualidade muito alta.<\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A\u00e7o-liga \u00e9 um a\u00e7o que inclui v\u00e1rios elementos de liga que d\u00e3o ao a\u00e7o a\u2026<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":571,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-570","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-metalls"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.1.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041b\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c, \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0438 \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, 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