{"id":60,"date":"2017-12-26T08:30:33","date_gmt":"2017-12-26T05:30:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/metallsmaster.ru\/?p=60"},"modified":"2020-11-02T12:12:50","modified_gmt":"2020-11-02T09:12:50","slug":"chugun","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/metallsmaster.pro\/pt\/ferro-fundido-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Ferro fundido: propriedades, marca\u00e7\u00e3o e designa\u00e7\u00e3o do ferro fundido"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Ferro fundido<\/strong> \u2013 S\u00e3o ligas de ferro-carbono. A porcentagem de carbono (C) em tal material \u00e9 de pelo menos 2%. A porcentagem m\u00e1xima de carbono geralmente n\u00e3o excede 6,67%. Em alguns casos, com o aumento do teor de impurezas da liga, a porcentagem de carbono diminui, sendo o material designado como <strong>\u00a0ferro fundido<\/strong>, mas com algumas modifica\u00e7\u00f5es. Ligas com alto teor de cromo, alto teor de alum\u00ednio e alto teor de sil\u00edcio s\u00e3o os principais exemplos.<\/p>\n<h2>Propriedades do ferro fundido<\/h2>\n<p>Principal <strong>propriedades do ferro fundido<\/strong> \u2013 s\u00e3o boas qualidades de fundi\u00e7\u00e3o, fragilidade (significativamente maior que a dos a\u00e7os) e dureza. <strong>Propriedades do ferro fundido<\/strong> pode variar dependendo de seus componentes. O ferro fundido cont\u00e9m os seguintes elementos:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Si \u2013 sil\u00edcio, na composi\u00e7\u00e3o de menos de 4,3%, \u00e9 o segundo elemento mais importante depois do carbono, confere maciez ao material e melhora sua fluidez, aumentando assim as propriedades de fundi\u00e7\u00e3o;<\/li>\n<li>Mn - mangan\u00eas, na composi\u00e7\u00e3o de ligas n\u00e3o mais que 2%, ajuda a aumentar a resist\u00eancia do metal;<\/li>\n<li>S \u2013 enxofre, teor menor que 0,7%, causa \u201cfragilidade vermelha\u201d, piora a fluidez da liga e suas caracter\u00edsticas de fundi\u00e7\u00e3o;<\/li>\n<li>P \u2013 f\u00f3sforo, teor menor que 1,2%, causa \u201cfragilidade a frio\u201d, que se manifesta na forma de trincas durante o resfriamento das pe\u00e7as fundidas, o componente piora as propriedades mec\u00e2nicas da liga;<\/li>\n<li>C \u00e9 carbono, o principal componente do ferro fundido, que lhe confere suas qualidades b\u00e1sicas. Dependendo do conte\u00fado, tipo e forma deste componente, o ferro fundido \u00e9 dividido em graus.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\n\t<!--<div class='top-banner-pages'>\t\n\n\t<\/div>--->\n\t<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Ferro fundido\u00a0<\/strong>possui diversas das seguintes propriedades mec\u00e2nicas, listadas na tabela. Outros par\u00e2metros \u2014 ponto de fus\u00e3o, densidade, alongamento relativo, viscosidade e dureza \u2014 variam significativamente para cada grau de liga.<\/p>\n<h3>Graus de ferro fundido<\/h3>\n<p>Existem alguns tipos diferentes, que por sua vez se desenvolveram separadamente <strong>graus de ferro fundido<\/strong>, que s\u00e3o apresentados na tabela.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/metallsmaster.pro\/pt\/ferro-fundido\/\">Ferro fundido<\/a>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>L1, L2, L3, L4, L5,<\/li>\n<li>L6, LR1, LR2, LR3, LR4,<\/li>\n<li>LR5, LR6, LR7.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/metallsmaster.pro\/pt\/ferro-fundido-3\/\">Ferro gusa<\/a>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>P1, P2, PVC1, PVC2, PVC3,<\/li>\n<li>PL1, PL2, PF1, PF2, PF3.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Ferro fundido cinzento:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>SCh10, SCh15, SCh20, SCh25, SCh30,<\/li>\n<li>SCH35.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/metallsmaster.pro\/pt\/forjamento-de-ferro-fundido\/\">Ferro fundido male\u00e1vel<\/a>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>KCh30-6, KCh33-8, KCh35-10, KCh37-12, KCh45-7,<\/li>\n<li>KCh50-5, KCh55-4, KCh60-3, KCh65-3, KCh70-2, KCh80-1,5.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/metallsmaster.pro\/pt\/ferro-fundido-de-baixa-liga\/\">Ferro fundido de baixa liga<\/a>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>CHN2X, CHN3KHMDSH, CHNMSH, CHNKHMD, CHNKHMDSH,<\/li>\n<li>ChNHT, ChS5, ChS5Sh, ChH1, ChH2,<\/li>\n<li>CHX3, CHX3T, CHXSH.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/metallsmaster.pro\/pt\/ferro-fundido-de-alta-liga\/\">Ferro fundido de alta liga<\/a>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>ChG6S3Sh, ChG7X4, ChG8D3, ChN11G7Sh, ChN15D3Sh,<\/li>\n<li>ChN15D7, ChN19H3Sh, ChN20D2Sh, ChN4H2, ChS13,<\/li>\n<li>ChS15, ChS15M4, ChS17, ChS17M3, ChH16,<\/li>\n<li>ChH16M2, ChH22, ChH22S, ChH28, ChH28D2,<\/li>\n<li>ChH28P, ChH32, ChH9N5, ChYu22Sh, ChYu30,<\/li>\n<li>CHO6C5, CHO7X2.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/metallsmaster.pro\/pt\/ferro-fundido-antifriccao\/\">Ferro fundido antifric\u00e7\u00e3o<\/a>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>AChV-1, AChV-2, AChK-1, AChK-2, AChS-1,<\/li>\n<li>PSA-2, PSA-3, PSA-4, PSA-5, PSA-6.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Ferro fundido com alto teor de n\u00edquel:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>L-Ni35, L-NiCr20-2, L-NiCr20-3, L-NiCr30-3, L-NiCuCr15-6-2,<\/li>\n<li>L-NiCuCr15-6-3, L-NiMn13-7, L-NiSiCr20-5-3, L-NiSiCr30-5-5, S-Ni22,<\/li>\n<li>S-Ni35, S-NiCr20-2, S-NiCr20-3, S-NiCr30-1, S-NiCr30-3,<\/li>\n<li>S-NiCr35-3, S-NiMn13-7, S-NiMn23-4, S-NiSiCr20-5-2, S-NiSiCr30-5-5.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/metallsmaster.pro\/pt\/ferro-fundido-nodular\/\">Ferro fundido nodular<\/a>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>HF100, HF35, HF40, HF45, HF50,<\/li>\n<li>HF60, HF70, HF80.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Ferro fundido com <a href=\"https:\/\/metallsmaster.pro\/pt\/ferro-fundido-de-grafite-vermicular\/\">grafite vermicular<\/a> para pe\u00e7as fundidas:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>ChVG30, ChVG35, ChVG40, ChVG45.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>Designa\u00e7\u00e3o do grau de ferro fundido<\/h4>\n<p><strong>Designa\u00e7\u00e3o do grau de ferro fundido <\/strong>Existem diversas regras de designa\u00e7\u00e3o GOST estabelecidas. Estas incluem uma designa\u00e7\u00e3o alfab\u00e9tica que indica a natureza ou finalidade prim\u00e1ria do metal: KCh \u2013 male\u00e1vel, VCh \u2013 de alta resist\u00eancia, SCh \u2013 cinzento, P \u2013 ferro-gusa, L \u2013 fundi\u00e7\u00e3o. As seguintes designa\u00e7\u00f5es b\u00e1sicas de ferro fundido tamb\u00e9m s\u00e3o aceitas:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>PL1, PL2 \u2013 convers\u00e3o para pe\u00e7as fundidas;<\/li>\n<li>P1, P2 \u2013 convers\u00e3o;<\/li>\n<li>PVK1, PVK2, PVK3 \u2013 convers\u00e3o de alta qualidade;<\/li>\n<li>PF1, PF2, PF3 \u2013 a\u00e7o fosforoso;<\/li>\n<li>\u0421\u0427 \u2013 com grafite lamelar (\u00e9 importante saber que a designa\u00e7\u00e3o digital ap\u00f3s as letras indica o valor da resist\u00eancia \u00e0 tra\u00e7\u00e3o, medida em kgf\/mm);<\/li>\n<li>\u0410\u0427 \u2013 antifric\u00e7\u00e3o;<\/li>\n<li>AChS \u2013 ferro fundido cinzento antifric\u00e7\u00e3o;<\/li>\n<li>ACHV \u2013 antifric\u00e7\u00e3o de alta resist\u00eancia;<\/li>\n<li>HF \u2013 com grafite esferoidal (a designa\u00e7\u00e3o digital ap\u00f3s a designa\u00e7\u00e3o da letra indica resist\u00eancia \u00e0 tra\u00e7\u00e3o);<\/li>\n<li>Ch \u2013 ferro fundido ligado, que se distingue por propriedades especiais.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-53 size-full aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/metallsmaster.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/chugun.webp\" alt=\"ferro fundido\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https:\/\/metallsmaster.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/chugun.webp 800w, https:\/\/metallsmaster.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/chugun-300x200.webp 300w, https:\/\/metallsmaster.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/chugun-768x512.webp 768w, https:\/\/metallsmaster.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/chugun-254x169.webp 254w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>O ferro fundido \u00e9 uma liga de ferro-carbono. A porcentagem de carbono (C) neste material \u00e9 de pelo menos\u2026<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":53,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-60","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-metalls"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.1.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0427\u0443\u0433\u0443\u043d, \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432 \u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432 \u043c\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438, \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e \u0413\u041e\u0421\u0422\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" 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