{"id":759,"date":"2019-03-26T14:00:20","date_gmt":"2019-03-26T11:00:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/metallsmaster.ru\/?p=759"},"modified":"2020-11-02T10:08:17","modified_gmt":"2020-11-02T07:08:17","slug":"osmij","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/metallsmaster.pro\/pt\/osmij\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00d3smio"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>\u00a0\u00a0 \u00d3smio - <\/strong>um metal de transi\u00e7\u00e3o pertencente ao grupo de metais da platina, designado pelo s\u00edmbolo na tabela peri\u00f3dica dos elementos qu\u00edmicos <strong>Os, <\/strong>\u00c9 um elemento qu\u00edmico de n\u00famero at\u00f4mico 76. Juntamente com o ir\u00eddio, possui a maior densidade entre todas as subst\u00e2ncias elementares. Possui cor branco-prateada com um tom azulado. Foi descoberto h\u00e1 relativamente pouco tempo, em 1803, por um qu\u00edmico ingl\u00eas em um precipitado de platina dissolvido em \u00e1gua r\u00e9gia. <strong>\u00d3smio <\/strong>\u00c9 obtido pelo isolamento de metais de platina de mat\u00e9rias-primas enriquecidas. Para isso, este concentrado \u00e9 calcinado ao ar a uma temperatura de 800-900<sup>0 <\/sup>COM.<\/p>\n<h2>Metal \u00f3smio<\/h2>\n\n\t<!--<div class='top-banner-pages'>\t\n\n\t<\/div>--->\n\t\n<p>Na crosta terrestre <strong>\u00f3smio <\/strong>Ocorre como solu\u00e7\u00f5es s\u00f3lidas com ir\u00eddio, que cont\u00eam 10-50 % de \u00f3smio. O \u00f3smio pode ser encontrado em min\u00e9rios polimet\u00e1licos contendo platina e pal\u00e1dio, bem como em minerais de platina e produtos residuais do processamento de min\u00e9rios aur\u00edferos. Os primeiros formam cristais densos, brancos, cinza-claros, em forma de placa, com dureza de 6,7 na escala de Mohs. Este mineral possui alto teor de \u00f3smio, variando de 21 a 49,3%. O mineral \u00e9 composto por cristais cinzas de estrutura hexagonal, com dureza de 6 na escala de Mohs e densidade de 17.800 a 22.500 kg\/m\u00b3.<sup>3<\/sup>Na maioria das vezes, o ir\u00eddio contendo \u00f3smio faz parte da platina nativa, mas \u00e0s vezes esses minerais ocorrem independentemente.<\/p>\n<h3>Propriedades do \u00f3smio<\/h3>\n<p><strong>\u00a0 \n<!---<div class='top-banner-pages'>\n\n<\/div>-->\n\n\t<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Propriedades do \u00f3smio <\/strong>apresentam caracter\u00edsticas de resist\u00eancia e dureza bastante elevadas. Sua densidade \u00e9 de 22,587 g\/cm<sup>3<\/sup>, ponto de fus\u00e3o 3033<sup>0<\/sup>C e ponto de ebuli\u00e7\u00e3o 5012<sup>0<\/sup>C. O \u00f3smio \u00e9 um metal duro, por\u00e9m quebradi\u00e7o, com densidade muito alta. Propriedades f\u00edsicas e mec\u00e2nicas <strong>propriedades do \u00f3smio <\/strong>Devido ao seu processamento complexo, \u00e9 considerado a mais densa de todas as subst\u00e2ncias simples, ainda mais densa que o ir\u00eddio. Sua alta densidade se deve \u00e0 compress\u00e3o dos lantan\u00eddeos e a uma estrutura cristalina hexagonal compacta. Quimicamente, o \u00f3smio em p\u00f3 reage com oxig\u00eanio, vapor de enxofre, sel\u00eanio, halog\u00eanios e outros elementos quando aquecido. O \u00f3smio compacto n\u00e3o reage com \u00e1cidos ou \u00e1lcalis. O \u00f3smio reage lentamente com \u00e1cido n\u00edtrico e \u00e1gua r\u00e9gia.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Propriedades do \u00f3smio, <\/strong>como dureza e alta refratariedade, permitem:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>use-o como revestimento em unidades de fric\u00e7\u00e3o para fornecer resist\u00eancia ao desgaste;<\/li>\n<li>O \u00f3smio serve como um \u00f3timo catalisador para a s\u00edntese de am\u00f4nia, bem como para a hidrogena\u00e7\u00e3o de compostos org\u00e2nicos;<\/li>\n<li>A liga \u00e9 usada para fazer o filamento de uma l\u00e2mpada.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Propriedades do \u00f3smio <\/strong>S\u00e3o \u00fateis em equipamentos eletr\u00f4nicos, engenharia aeron\u00e1utica, foguetes e na ind\u00fastria militar, inclusive na fabrica\u00e7\u00e3o de m\u00edsseis teleguiados. Ligas de \u00f3smio-platina s\u00e3o amplamente utilizadas em implantes cir\u00fargicos e marca-passos.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0\u00a0 \u00d3smio <\/strong>\u00c9 muito valorizado, pois sua produ\u00e7\u00e3o anual \u00e9 de apenas alguns quilos, cerca de 600. No entanto, os custos s\u00e3o muito altos: um grama custa entre US$ 1.500 e US$ 40.000. <strong>Pre\u00e7o <\/strong>O valor do is\u00f3topo &quot;\u00f3smio-187&quot; \u00e9 de US$ 200.000 por grama. Como voc\u00ea pode ver, o \u00f3smio \u00e9 um metal precioso, embora n\u00e3o seja usado em joias. Este metal realmente merece aten\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-760 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/metallsmaster.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/\u041e\u0441\u043c\u0438\u0439-\u0441\u0445\u0435\u043c\u0430.jpg\" alt=\"Diagrama de \u00f3smio\" width=\"300\" height=\"168\" srcset=\"https:\/\/metallsmaster.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/\u041e\u0441\u043c\u0438\u0439-\u0441\u0445\u0435\u043c\u0430.jpg 300w, https:\/\/metallsmaster.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/\u041e\u0441\u043c\u0438\u0439-\u0441\u0445\u0435\u043c\u0430-254x142.jpg 254w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00a0\u00a0 \u00d3smio \u00e9 um metal de transi\u00e7\u00e3o pertencente ao grupo de metais da platina na tabela peri\u00f3dica dos elementos qu\u00edmicos\u2026<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":761,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-759","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blagorodnye-metally"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.1.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041f\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u043c\u0438\u044f - \u0440\u0435\u0434\u0447\u0430\u0439\u0448\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043b\u0430 \u0438 \u0433\u0434\u0435 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u044e\u0442.\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Dimon@1873\"\/>\n\t<link rel=\"canonical\" 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