{"id":877,"date":"2019-04-20T14:25:58","date_gmt":"2019-04-20T11:25:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/metallsmaster.ru\/?p=877"},"modified":"2020-11-02T09:57:40","modified_gmt":"2020-11-02T06:57:40","slug":"renij","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/metallsmaster.pro\/pt\/renij\/","title":{"rendered":"R\u00eanio, propriedades, caracter\u00edsticas e propriedades do metal"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>O r\u00eanio \u00e9 um metal de transi\u00e7\u00e3o muito denso, designado como elemento 75 na tabela peri\u00f3dica. Traduzido para o latim, significa &quot;rhenus&quot;, o nome do rio Reno, na Alemanha. A descoberta do r\u00eanio \u00e9 relativamente recente \u2014 1925. Foi descoberto por qu\u00edmicos alem\u00e3es e, em 1928, o r\u00eanio puro foi extra\u00eddo da molibdenita norueguesa. Isso foi alcan\u00e7ado processando 600 kg dessa rocha. Nem todos os elementos qu\u00edmicos possuem um is\u00f3topo est\u00e1vel, mas o r\u00eanio possui, tornando-o o \u00faltimo elemento descoberto a possuir um. Elementos descobertos posteriormente n\u00e3o possuem is\u00f3topos est\u00e1veis.<\/p>\n\n\t<!--<div class='top-banner-pages'>\t\n\n\t<\/div>--->\n\t\n<h2>R\u00eanio met\u00e1lico<\/h2>\n<p>Concentrados de sulfeto de cobre e molibd\u00eanio s\u00e3o utilizados para a obten\u00e7\u00e3o do metal; s\u00e3o as mat\u00e9rias-primas mais importantes para a obten\u00e7\u00e3o do r\u00eanio prim\u00e1rio. Seu teor aproximado pode ser de 0,005% em peso. As propriedades geoqu\u00edmicas deste metal s\u00e3o muito semelhantes \u00e0s do tungst\u00eanio e do molibd\u00eanio. A minera\u00e7\u00e3o de r\u00eanio \u00e9 dif\u00edcil e cara. Apenas um dep\u00f3sito lucrativo de r\u00eanio \u00e9 conhecido no mundo: a Ilha de Iturup, nas Ilhas Curilas, onde \u00e9 encontrado na forma do mineral renita, uma estrutura semelhante \u00e0 molibdenita. O mineral tarkianita, que cont\u00e9m r\u00eanio, tamb\u00e9m foi descoberto na Finl\u00e2ndia.<\/p>\n<h3>Propriedades do r\u00eanio<\/h3>\n\n<!---<div class='top-banner-pages'>\n\n<\/div>-->\n\n\t\n<p>O r\u00eanio \u00e9 um metal muito duro, com densidade de 21,02 g\/cm\u00b3. Seu p\u00f3 \u00e9 cinza-escuro ou preto. Uma alta densidade requer um ponto de fus\u00e3o muito alto; o r\u00eanio tem um ponto de fus\u00e3o de 31.860 \u00b0C, inferior ao do tungst\u00eanio. Seu ponto de ebuli\u00e7\u00e3o, 55.960 \u00b0C, \u00e9 paramagn\u00e9tico. Possui uma estrutura cristalina hexagonal. Esses valores indicam que \u00e9 um metal refrat\u00e1rio e muito semelhante ao tungst\u00eanio e ao molibd\u00eanio, bem como aos metais do grupo da platina. \u00c9 d\u00factil \u00e0 temperatura ambiente, mas ap\u00f3s o processamento, a dureza do metal aumenta significativamente devido ao encruamento, devido ao seu alto m\u00f3dulo de elasticidade.<\/p>\n<p>As propriedades mec\u00e2nicas do r\u00eanio permitem que ele resista a aquecimentos e resfriamentos repetidos sem perder sua resist\u00eancia. Mesmo em temperaturas de 12.000 \u00b0C, sua resist\u00eancia excede a do tungst\u00eanio. Outra vantagem do r\u00eanio sobre o molibd\u00eanio e o tungst\u00eanio \u00e9 que sua resistividade el\u00e9trica \u00e9 quatro vezes maior.<\/p>\n<p>As propriedades qu\u00edmicas do r\u00eanio o tornam est\u00e1vel no ar \u00e0 temperatura ambiente. Em temperaturas acima de 3.000 \u00b0C, ocorre oxida\u00e7\u00e3o e, a 6.000 \u00b0C, ela se torna mais intensa. Entre os metais do grupo da platina, \u00e9 mais resistente \u00e0 oxida\u00e7\u00e3o e n\u00e3o reage diretamente com nitrog\u00eanio e hidrog\u00eanio. Reage com elementos como bromo, cloro e fl\u00faor somente ap\u00f3s aquecimento. Reage fracamente com \u00e1cido sulf\u00farico, mesmo ap\u00f3s aquecimento, mas dissolve-se facilmente em \u00e1cido n\u00edtrico.<\/p>\n<p>Entre os metais refrat\u00e1rios, o r\u00eanio n\u00e3o forma carbonetos. Sua excelente dureza, resist\u00eancia e estabilidade permitem que seja utilizado:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>na cria\u00e7\u00e3o de pe\u00e7as para tecnologia de foguetes e avia\u00e7\u00e3o supers\u00f4nica;<\/li>\n<li>C\u00e2maras de combust\u00e3o, l\u00e2minas de turbina e bicos de exaust\u00e3o para motores a jato s\u00e3o feitos de liga de n\u00edquel;<\/li>\n<li>motores de turbina a g\u00e1s contendo metais de n\u00edquel-r\u00eanio resistentes ao calor;<\/li>\n<li>contatos el\u00e9tricos autolimpantes;<\/li>\n<li>na produ\u00e7\u00e3o de refino de petr\u00f3leo.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Assim, fica claro que as propriedades do r\u00eanio permitem que esse valioso metal e suas ligas sejam utilizados em uma ampla variedade de ind\u00fastrias, encontrando novas formas de aplica\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-878 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/metallsmaster.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/\u0420\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439-\u0441\u0445\u0435\u043c\u0430.webp\" alt=\"Diagrama de r\u00eanio\" width=\"260\" height=\"194\" srcset=\"https:\/\/metallsmaster.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/\u0420\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439-\u0441\u0445\u0435\u043c\u0430.webp 260w, https:\/\/metallsmaster.pro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/\u0420\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439-\u0441\u0445\u0435\u043c\u0430-254x190.webp 254w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 260px) 100vw, 260px\" \/><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>O r\u00eanio \u00e9 um metal de transi\u00e7\u00e3o muito denso, designado na tabela peri\u00f3dica como um elemento qu\u00edmico\u2026<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":879,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-877","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blagorodnye-metally"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.1.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0421\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u0445\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043b\u0430. \u0413\u0434\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0442 \u0446\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043b.\" \/>\n\t<meta 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